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The objectives of this study were to evaluate dry matter (DM) yield and seed yield of six leafed and semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes, and to compare them for these traits. Evaluation of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction, stability and cluster analysis were also carried out at eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean and Mediterranean-type climate during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. Significant differences were found among the pea genotypes for DM and seed yield on individual years and combined over years, and in all locations. All interactions which related to G × E interaction showed significance (P>0.001) for DM and seed yield. The highest yield (4789 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from the leafed genotype 'Urunlu'. However, stability analysis indicated that for DM yield, the leafed genotypes 'Golyazi' and 'Urunlu' should be grown in low yielding and high yielding environments, respectively. Cluster analysis, based on grouping locations, showed that P101 was the preferred variety in low yielding environments, and P98, in high yielding ones. It was suggested that the use of both stability and cluster analyses might give better results. Comparison of cluster and stability analyses showed that the stability analysis fails to recommend cultivars to different regions where yield potential showed significant differences. It seems, however, that cluster analysis could be a powerful tool to examine G × E interaction. If the number of environments was sufficient, a separate stability analysis could be run in each cluster.Additional key words: adaptation, cluster, leafed and semi-leafless peas, Mediterranean conditions, stability. ResumenInteracción genotipo × ambiente y análisis de estabilidad para rendimiento de materia seca y de semilla en guisante (Pisum sativum L.)Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar y comparar el rendimiento de materia seca (DM) y de semilla de seis genotipos de guisante con hojas convencionales y semiafilas. Además, se evaluó la interacción genotipo × ambiente (G × E) y se realizaron análisis de estabilidad y tipo cluster en ocho localidades de clima mediterráneo, durante las temporadas 2001-2002 y 2002-2003. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre genotipos para rendimiento de DM y de semilla, tanto para años individuales como combinados, así como en todas las localidades. Todas las interacciones G × E fueron Field pea adaptation and stability 97 significativas (P>0,001) para rendimiento en DM y semilla. Se obtuvo la producción más alta (4789 kg ha -1 ) con el genotipo de hoja convencional 'Urunlu'. El análisis de estabilidad indicó que, para rendimiento en DM, los genotipos 'Golyazi' y 'Urunlu' deben cultivarse en ambientes de baja y alta producción, respectivamente. El análisis cluster, basado en agrupamiento de localidades, mostró que la variedad P101 fue la mejor en ambientes de baja producción, y la P98 en los de alta producción. Al comparar los análisis de estabilidad y de tipo cluster se vio que el primero falla al recome...

The efifects of three seeding rates (25, 50, and 100 seeds m"") on several morphological traits, and dry matter, seed and protein yields were evaluated in two leafed, two semi-leafless and two tare-leaved pea {Pisum sativum L.) cultivars, with fall and spring sowing for 3 years. The experiments were conducted under rain-fed conditions in the Bursa Region of Turkey.Sowing season, seeding rate and cultivar type had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and the yield determinants. The actual number of seedlings per unit area varied greatly among varieties, sowing seasons and climatic conditions during emergence. Fall sowings had taller plants, and more pods and seeds per plant. The number of tillers per plant usually increased with declining seeding rate. Semi-leafless varieties had improved standing ability particularly at higher seeding rates and fall sowing conditions. The harvest index was higher for short strawed, tare-leaved varieties than both leafed and semi-leafless varieties. Harvest index was hardly affected by sowing season and seeding rate.In general, fall sowings and the highest seeding rate produced the highest dry matter, seed and protein yields in all pea cultivars. The yields of spring sowings varied greatly, primarily depending on the amount and distribution of the spring rainfall. In the wet spring of 1993, dry matter, seed and protein yields from spring sowing was higher than those of fall sowings for ali varieties. The semi-leafiess pea varieties. Countess and Niva, presented a clear advantage in the yield determinants under Bursa rain-fed conditions.

In order to increase knowledge of seed nutritive value and to demonstrate its relationship in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) germplasm, 388 common vetch accessions were grown under field conditions in 2008-2009 growing season in Bursa province of Turkey. Seeds were analyzed for seed minerals (Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, P, S, Zn and K) and crude protein (CP) content. The accessions were grouped according to testa and cotyledon color and seed size, and the results were evaluated by analysis of variance to determine relationships between minerals and CP content, testa and cotyledon colors, and seed weight. In general, there was no significant difference between testa colors or cotyledon colors in minerals and CP content. However, seed weight was closely associated with minerals and CP contents in this study. Analysis of variance and correlation analysis showed that seed weight was closely associated with some minerals and CP content. The small seeds had significantly higher Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, S, Zn and CP contents than medium and large seeds.

The effects of four row spacings (17.5, 35.0, 52.5 and 70.0 cm) and five seeding rates (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 viable seeds m−2) on seed yield and some yield components of forage turnip (Brassica rapa L.) were evaluated under rainfed conditions in Bursa, Turkey in the 1998–1999 and 1999–2000 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, pods/terminal raceme, total pods/plant, seeds/pod and primary branches/plant were measured individually. The number of plants per unit area was counted and the lodging rate of the plots was scored. The seed yield and 1000‐seed weight were also determined. Row spacing and seeding rate significantly affected most yield components measured. The number of plants per unit area increased with increasing seeding rate and decreasing row spacing. Plant height was not greatly influenced by row spacing and seeding rate, but higher seeding rates reduced the number of primary branches and the stem diameter. The number of pods/main stem was affected by row spacing and but not by the seeding rate. Also, the number of seeds per pod was not affected by either the row spacing or the seeding rate. In contrast, the number of pods per plant clearly increased with increasing row spacing, but decreased with increasing seeding rate. The plots seeded at narrow row spacings and at high seeding rates were more sensitive to lodging. Seeding rate had no significant effect on seed yield in both years. Seed yield was similar at all seeding rates, averaging 1151 kg ha−1. However, row spacing was associated with seed yield. The highest seed yield (1409 kg ha−1) was obtained for the 35.0‐cm row spacing and 200 seeds m−2 seeding rate combination without serious lodging problems.