"Low vision" is defined as uncorrectable vision loss that interferes with daily activities. The gazing behavior exhibited by people with low vision as they walk is particularly important because it illustrates how they utilize information in various environments. In this study, eight participants with low vision and eight fully sighted participants were asked to navigate a roadway and a sidewalk wearing a mobile eye-tracking device. Their gazing behavior and walking behavior were recorded and analyzed. As a result, on the roadway, participants with low vision walked while fixing their gazes mainly on the road surface and white traffic lines around 10 meters ahead, as well as on the buildings around 39 meters ahead. On the sidewalk, on the other hand, they walked while fixing their gaze on mainly the road surface and tactile paving seven to eight meters ahead, as well as on the buildings around 24 meters ahead. These findings suggest that people with low vision use not only nearby objects but also distant objects as visual cues. In addition, the importance of using continuous road surface markers, such as white traffic lines and tactile paving, to enable people with low vision to walk outdoors safely is suggested.

This study utilizes sandplay experiments as a means to analyze the development of 4 and 5 year old kindergarten children's creative spatial organization of toys. The children were asked to arrange several toys in a box filled with sand, and they were told to play in the sand box and with the toys freely. The researchers were able to identify and classify the children's developmental steps in the creation and recognition of their spatial organization of the toys. These steps ranged from the simple displacement of the toys in the box to more complex arrangements where meaningful spatial relationships between the toys were established.

Adults' sandplay works gender, and cultural background releases archetypical spatial images. In this study, we will discuss when cultural difference appears and their significance. Sandplay experiments were realized with Japanese and Brazilian children and analyzed according to the direction, the position, and the order the toys were placed in the box, and how long the children played. Japanese children's sandplay works expressed a sense of unity with the surrounding world in contrast to Brazilian children's sandplay works that from an early age separate themselves from the world and had an autonomous tendency.