Balanites aegyptiaca is a medicinal plant that serves as a source of phytochemicals with antimicrobial effect. This work aimed at screening for phytochemical constituents and investigating the antifungal activity of B. aegyptiaca seed and callus extract against Candida albicans. Callus induction from B. aegyptiaca seed kernel explant was done on MS basal nutrient medium supplemented with 0.5 BAP + 1.0 2, 4-D + 1.0 NAA.  Cultures were kept under a controlled temperature and light conditions for five weeks. Plant materials were extracted using solvent extraction. 50 ml of the solvents: methanol and n-hexane were mixed with five grams (5 g) each of the grounded plant materials (1:10) w/v. Determination of antimicrobial activity was done using disc diffusion assay. Diffusion discs of approximately 6 mm diameter were prepared from Whatman No. 1 filter paper, then sterilized and autoclaved before drying in an oven. 10 µl of 50 and 100 mg/ml concentration of each crude extracts was impregnated on separate sterile disc using sterile micropipette tips. The diameter of zone of inhibition at 100 and 50 mg/ml showed the methanolic extract of callus had the highest zone of inhibition with 17 ± 0.69 mm and 11 ± 0.94 mm. The lowest diameter of zone inhibition of callus extracts was recorded by n-hexane extract at 100 (15 ± 0.46 mm) and 50 mg/ml (09 ± 0.57 mm) respectively. Also, the MIC ranged between 6.25 and 12.50 mg/ml and MFC recorded value of 12.50 mg/ml. Seed methanolic extract had the highest zones of inhibition of 15 ± 0.34 mm and 10 ± 0.62 mm at 100 and 50 mg/ml respectively, while the lowest value (12 ± 0.51 mm and 09 ± 0.23) was recorded in n-hexane at 100 and 50 mg/ml. From the results, both the MIC and MFC of seed extracts ranged from 12.50 to 25.00 mg/ml. Callus extracts showed stronger antifungal activities compared to the seed extracts. Therefore, from the result, Callus extract from B. aegyptiaca can serve as a good source of therapeutic compounds for fungal related disease.

Tamarindus indica is a well-known medicinal plant which belongs to Fabaceae family, and it is a tropical perennial plant, which is broadly consumed as conventional system of pharmaceutical in whole world. T. indica is generally cultivated in Africa and Southern Asian zones. This review precis the Phytochemistry as well as pharmacological properties of T. indica. The chemistry of this plant detailed have place to various classes such as tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, unstable oils, tars, sugars, and mucilage. T. indica has various therapeutically properties, numerous of which have been confirmed by logical researchers. Phytochemical composition of T. indica confers it important pharmacological properties at present to recommend its habitual consumption to chronics disseases.

B. aegyptiaca, it is a species of economic and cultural importance in various countries, with diverse uses that include: medicinal, charcoal, pesticides and forage and in vitro callus production is important to have many applications in both basic and industrial research on this specie. For the induction of callus, B. aegyptica seed cotyledons were surface sterilized with 90% ethanol for 1 minute and cultivated in MS media supplemented with 2,4-D, BAP and NAA. Both the callus and seed were collected and dried in an oven at 40˚C-45˚C. Cotyledon's seed and callus were grounded into the powdered form using mortar and pestle and stored at room temperature for further use. Five grams (5 g) each of the powder were mixed with 50 ml of the solvents: methanol and n-hexane (1:10) w/v, agitated vigorously and kept on an orbital shaker at 150 rpm for 24 h, then filtered. The extracts of the plant sample were evaluated in agar dilution method which was used to determine the MIC and MBC of the extracts. The auxin NAA in low concentrations (0.5 mg/L) in the presence of a dose of 0.5 mg/L of the cytokinin BAP induced 100% callus formation. The 50 and 100 mg/ml methanolic extracts were more effective than the n-hexane extracts for both the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. By callus extracts under 100 and 50 mg/ml reveals that methanolic extracts of callus had the highest zone of inhibition. An effective protocol for callus induction has been developed that can use for germplasm conservation or for genetic engineering. Evidence from the present study revealed both extracts possess strong broad-spectrum antibacterial effect.