Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) are a threat to the TB control programs in developing countries, and the situation is worsened by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. This study was performed to correlate treatment outcome with the resistance patterns in HIV-seropositive patients coinfected with pulmonary TB. Sputum specimens were collected from 1643 HIV-seropositive patients and subjected to microscopy and liquid culture for TB. The smear- and culture-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were subjected to Genotype MTBDRplus assay version 2.0. The M. tuberculosis culture-positivity rate was 39.44% (648/1643) among the 1643 HIV-seropositive patients and the overall MDR-TB rate was 5.6% (36/648). There were 421 newly diagnosed and 227 previously treated patients, among whom, MDR-TB was associated with 2.9% and 10.57% cases, respectively. The rate of rifampicin monoresistant TB among the cases of MDR-TB was 2.31% (15/648) and the rate of combined rifampicin and isoniazid resistance was 3.24% (21/648). The cure and death rates among the 20 registered cases were 30% (6/20) and 35% (7/20), respectively. Five cases were on treatment and two cases were defaulters among the 20 registered cases. High death rate (13, 36.1%, 95% confidence interval 20.8-53.8) was observed in this study among the patients who had mutations at the 530-533 codons. The present study emphasized the prerequisite to monitor the trend of drug-resistant TB in various mutant populations in order to timely implement appropriate interventions to curb the threat of MDR-TB.

Objective: Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is a multi-transmembrane protein situated in the insulin secretory granule of the islets of β-cells and is identified as a novel auto-antigen in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The gene coding for ZnT8, solute carrier family 30 member 8 ( SLC30A8 ) is located on chromosome 8q24.11. This study aimed to identify the association of SLC30A8 rs13266634 C/T gene polymorphism with T1D in a sample of T1D children in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: The family based study was conducted in 121 T1D patients and 214 of their family members as controls. The SLC30A8 gene rs13266634 C/T polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: No significant differences were observed in either allele (odds ratio: 0.92; confidence interval: 0.33-2.58; p=0.88) and genotype (CC: p=0.74; CT: p=0.82; TT: p=0.80) frequencies of rs13266634 C/T between T1D patients and controls. Transmission disequilibrium test has identified over-transmission of mutant T allele from parents to affected children (T: U=9:7) without statistical significance. Metaanalysis on the overall effects of rs13266634 C allele frequency was not different (p=0.10 and P heterogeneity =0.99) in T1D patients as compared to the controls. Conclusion: The present study along with the meta-analysis does not show any substantial association of the rs13266634 C/T polymorphism with T1D development in this population.

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The present study along with the meta-analysis does not show any substantial association of the rs13266634 C/T polymorphism with T1D development.