The present study was an attempt to compare the impacts of teaching through memory strategies on experimental group comparison to control group, where students were taught the meaning of new vocabulary items through giving synonyms and mini-contexts. The results are reflected in the students' short-term and long-term retention. The participants of the study comprised 310 Indian pre-university females. The results indicated that the students of experimental group outperformed both in short-term and long-term scores, portrayed the superiority of memory strategies in short-term and long-term retention. As many learners do not develop sufficient mastery of the vocabulary explicit instruction of memory strategies and giving strategy awareness can facilitate them to store and retrieve new vocabulary items. Also, it was shown that being over-dependent on survey tools are open to question, in spite of being widely used.

Objectives:In an educational setting, anxiety is often experienced by students when taking a test; which is called ‘test anxiety’. This study intends to investigate the effect of doing pranayama on test anxiety and test performance.Materials and Methods:The participants consisted of 107 MA students who were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. The students of the experimental group practiced pranayama for one full semester. Sarason's (1980) test anxiety scale was given to both the control and experimental groups in the final session, before taking the examination.Results:After practicing pranayama, only 33% of the participants of the experimental group experienced high test anxiety, while this percentage was nearly twice in the control group (66.7%). Furthermore, the result of the t-test for test anxiety and test performance showed that the students of the experimental group had significantly lower mean test anxiety scores (M = 16.00) as compared to the students of the control group (M = 19.31). Also, the test performance scores of the experimental group were higher when compared with the control group. There was a negative correlation between the final test performance and test anxiety (r = −.204, P < .05).Conclusions:Pranayama seems to have a significant positive effect on test anxiety and test performance. It could be used as an important technique by students prior to their examinations, to reduce their test anxiety and increase their test performance.

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This study was an attempt to evaluate English Pre-University text book of Karnataka state in India with respect to general criterion as well as vocabulary teaching. To this end two types of evaluation were performed. First a questionnaire was made with reference to some critical features extracted from different material evaluation checklists in addition to, a part related to different strategies of vocabulary teaching. The prepared questionnaire was completed by 26 Pre-University teachers from 12 randomly selected governmental and non governmental schools. Then merits and demerits of course book were discussed in detail. In the second phase, to analyze vocabulary of the book systematically some texts of the book were randomly selected, submitted to vocabulary profile to see if they are sequenced from the most frequently used words to the less used ones which according to Nation (1990) is an important factor in vocabulary teaching.