Introduction: Using image-guided intra-operative navigation systems in surgeries like functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become widely accepted as an effective tool for improvement of surgical outcomes and reduction of complication. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is a variant of computed tomography imaging that has developed as a cross-sectional and potentially low-dose technique to visualize bony structures in the head and neck. In current study, it was tried to evaluate surgeons’ satisfaction with CBCT intra-operative navigation imaging as well as image quality prior to FESS and post-operative complications. Methods: In this prospective study, the included patients who were candidates for FESS underwent CBCT from January to June 2019. The data regarding demographic information, CBCT findings and diagnosis were extracted. The surgeons’ satisfaction with intra-operative navigation imaging and image quality was quantified using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (ranging 0 – 10). Furthermore, patients were contacted 3 months later to ask for their satisfaction with the operation using VAS and post-operative complications evaluated. Results: Totally, 39 patients were included. The mean age was 40.74±5.75 and 20 patients (51.28 percent) were male. Two surgeons performed this operation separately; one of the surgeons performed 20 (51.28 percent) FESS and the other performed 19 (48.71 percent). The mean satisfaction of the surgeons of CBCT guided FFESS was 8.69±0.92. After the 3-month  follow up, patients’ satisfaction score was 8.21±1.89. No postoperative complications were reported. Conclusion: Based on the surgeons’ point of view, CBCT was shown to be reliable for image-guided FFESS. Furthermore, the outcome and complications of performed surgeries were similar to those performed with computed tomography intra-operative navigation imaging.

Background: The membrane form of a Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) is anchored to the phospholipid bilayer via glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. This molecule is expressed on the intrinsic surface of monocytes and neutrophils. This protein is not expressed on the HL60 cell surface. It is believed that the differentiation of HL-60 cells stops in the promyelocytic stage. The differentiation of HL-60 cells with compounds such as vitamin A, D, E results in membrane CD14 expression. Objectives: The objective of this study was an evaluation of CD14 expression by Honey Bee Venom (HBV) in HL60 cells treated by D-alpha-Tocopheryl Succinate (D-α-TS). Methods: HL-60 cells were cultured in RPMI Media 1640 medium and treated with different concentrations of D-α-TS and HBV. Cellular differentiation was tested by Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) staining, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. The studied data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and InStat 3 software. Methods: HL-60 cells were cultured in RPMI medium and treated with different concentrations of D-α-TS and HBV. Cellular differentiation was tested by NBT staining, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. The studied data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and InStat 3 software. Results: MTT assay demonstrated that HBV and D-alpha-tocopheryl induce death in HL-60 cell lines in a time and dose-dependent manner. Also, Wright-Giemsa, NBT staining showed morphologically differentiation. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis shows that cells treated with 6 µg/mL D-α-TS and 2.5 µg/mL HBV for 5 days significantly increase the expression of CD14 in HL-60 compared to cells treated with D-α-TS. Conclusion: HBV can induce cell death and inhibit cell proliferation. Also, increase differentiation potency of D-α-TS via HBV can increase the differentiation by inhibiting NFκB and COX-2 and increasing the expression of P21 that plays an essential role in increasing CD14 protein expression and subsequently induce differentiation in HL-60 cells to monocytes.

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