Several insect pests attack kola nuts (Cola nitida; Cola acuminata) both in the field and storage but only twenty common species of economic importance are discussed within the purview of this work. The fecundity, developmental (i.e. Biology/life cycle) stages and damage characteristics including control measures (i.e. chemical, mechanical/physical, and cultural methods, use of natural enemies and botanicals etc) were examined. Insect pests were classified as either minor or major based on the degree of damage caused to kola nuts. Kola nuts do not require further processing before consumption thus any minute chemical residue is deemed unacceptable. Chemical for storage pests are used sparingly hence uses of bio-rational or botanical insecticide are also explored. Moreover, the studies of population dynamics in Kola producing farms have enhanced proper taxonomy and enable formulation of standard integrated packages for insect pest management.