A study was carried out on two different rearing systems for observation maternal behaviour during critical period (1 st 20 days of life), productive performance and feeding behaviour during 3 months of age. Twenty lactating she-camels with their calves dromedary (Camelus dromedaries) Sudani camel divided into two groups Group one (n= 10 she-camel with their calves) managed in a semi intensive system in private farm in belbes city, all animals were herded during night in closed pen and set free during the midday. Supplementation consists of concentrates (2kg/day) and roughages (5kg/day) were used. Group two (n= 10 she-camel with their calves) managed in traditional system by pastoralist in met abo ali village, in sharkia province, Egypt. All the animals were brought to grazing areas where they selected the feed by themselves from the available plants without any supplemented feeding. The aim of the current study was to evaluate maternal, ingestive behaviour and estimate productive performance of the camel calves under traditional system and semiintensive system and its influence on frequency of diarrhea, mortality, morbidity and incidence of mastitis. The results indicated that a significant increase in frequency of suckling, duration, calf camel 1 st standing frequency drinking frequency, duration and grazing duration under semi-intensive system, while calf camel teat seeking frequency, duration and Calf camel1 st standing duration with significant decrease during 1 st 20 days (critical period), While there was a significant decrease in grazing frequency in semi-intensive system. A significant increase in diarrhea frequency and incidence of mastitis under traditional system. The body weight and the daily growth rates of the calves under semiintensive system were higher than the calves reared in the traditional system. It concluded that, the semi intensive production system showed some advantages for better rearing of calf camels compared with the traditional system. So, supplementing calves by good management under semi-intensive system lead to high productivity and reduction of animal losses.

The aim of the present paper was to study the influence of gender, number of offspring, calving status on both health and welfare. Out of 3000 heads, data for 429 Holstein female calves and 551 male calves which have been born during one year were used with computer records. The result suggested that abnormal behaviour during 1 st 12 hours of calf's life have been significantly affected by twinning and dystocia .The presence and duration of behaviour related to respiratory, digestive or mixed disorders were significantly higher in females, the calf's growth rate was higher in male than female with significance difference, while its birth weight was significantly higher in dystocia than calves from normal parturition. There was a non-significant effect of calf gender, number of offspring and parturition state on calves weaning age. It could be concluded that Calf gender, number of offspring and parturition state have a different effects on behaviour and growth performance of calves from birth till weaning. Abnormal behaviours during the first 12 hours of calf's life as delayed sternal recumbancy, standing, abnormal suckling have been significantly affected by twinning and dystocia and not significantly affected by calf sex. Presence and duration of behaviour related to respiratory, digestive or mixed disorders were significantly higher in females than males, where these disorders were significantly higher in case of dystocia and twinning births. Culling of cows with incidence of twinning is recommended to control the decreased fertility, decreased total number of calves over the lifespan of the cow, and decreased milk production.

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