Objectives: Despite the growing use of mobile health (mHealth), certain barriers seem to be hindering the use of mHealth applications in healthcare. This article presents a systematic review of the literature on barriers associated with mHealth reported by healthcare professionals.Methods: This systematic review was carried out to identify studies published from January 2015 to December 2019 by searching four electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar). Studies were included if they reported perceived barriers to the adoption of mHealth from healthcare providers’ perspectives. Content analysis and categorization of barriers were performed based on a focus group discussion that explored researchers’ knowledge and experiences.Results: Among the 273 papers retrieved through the search strategy, 18 works were selected and 18 barriers were identified. The relevant barriers were categorized into three main groups: technical, individual, and healthcare system. Security and privacy concerns from the category of technical barriers, knowledge and limited literacy from the category of individual barriers, and economic and financial factors from the category of healthcare system barriers were chosen as three of the most important challenges related to the adoption of mHealth described in the included publications.Conclusions: mHealth adoption is a complex and multi-dimensional process that is widely implemented to increase access to healthcare services. However, it is influenced by various factors and barriers. Understanding the barriers to adoption of mHealth applications among providers, and engaging them in the adoption process will be important for the successful deployment of these applications.

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Background and aims Patients after transplantation need medical management for the rest of their lives, and self‐management seems to lead to greater adherence to medical standards, improve early physical changes, and increase patient empowerment. The main objective of this article is to systematic review of the consideration to mobile health applications (m‐Health apps) used in transplantation. Methods A systematic search was conducted MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct from inception to November 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement was used in this study. Comprehensive research was carried out using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms associated with m‐Health, empowerment, self‐management, and transplantation. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, assessed full‐text articles, and extracted data from articles that met inclusion criteria. Eligible studies were original research articles that included posttransplant care and mobile phone‐based applications to support self‐management and self‐care. Also, thesis, book chapters, letters to editors, short briefs, reports, technical reports, book reviews, systematic reviews, or meta‐analysis were excluded. Results We divided all the reviewed articles into four categories, self‐management (medication adherence, adherence to medical regimen, and remote monitoring), evaluation, interaction, and interface; 37.5% of the studies were focused on lung transplantation. In 56.25% of the studies, medication adherence was considered because one of the main reasons for the rejection and graft loss is stated medication nonadherence. Also, 62.5% of the studies demonstrated that the use of m‐health improved medication adherence and self‐management in transplantation. Conclusions The use of m‐Health apps interventions to self‐management after transplantation has shown promising feasibility and acceptability, and there is modest evidence to support the efficacy of these interventions. We found that m‐Health solutions can help the patient in self‐management in many ways after transplantation.

Introduction Mental health problems as a consequence of cancer lower the quality of life of cancer patients. Despite increasing studies of breast cancer‐focused mobile health applications (m‐Health apps), there is less research on breast cancer patients' quality of life or well‐being. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the usability and quality of an educational m‐Health app aimed at improving the resilience of breast cancer in women. Methods This study was conducted in four phases. It included extracting the requirements of the app through the nominal group technique. Based on these results, an m‐Health app was developed and evaluated in terms of usability and quality by two scales, System Usability Scale and Mobile App Rating Scale questionnaires, respectively. Finally, the role of patients' age and educational backgrounds in the use of the app was assessed. The relationship between learnability and usability of the app was measured by the T‐Test. Results The app was developed with three user interfaces. Its usability developed from the patient's point of view scored a remarkable score of 83.20 with a 95% confidence interval. This value was too indicative of high satisfaction with the usefulness and the possibility of recommending it to other cancer survivors. The results of the quality evaluation from an expert's point of view showed that this app had good functionality. Evaluation of the role of demographic information in the use of the app showed that it can be used for all age groups with different levels of education. The app did not differ significantly between learnability and usability. Conclusion The development of m‐Health apps, based on usability principles that are suitable for all age groups with different levels of education, is welcomed by cancer patients.

Introduction:In recent years, a variety of clinical decision-support systems (CDSS) have been developed to monitor the health of patients with chronic disease from far away. These systems are effective in overcoming human resource limitation and analyzing information generated by Tele-monitoring systems. These systems, however, are limited to monitoring a particular disease, which allows them to be used only in one specific disease. In reuses of these systems to monitor other diseases, we need to re-establish a new system with a new knowledge base. However, this type of healthcare system faces many challenges, including low scalability for change, so that, if we want to modify a health monitoring system designed for a specific disease to be used for another disease, these changes will be very substantial, meaning that, most components of that system should be changed. The lack of scalability in these systems has led to the creation of multiple health monitoring systems, while many of these systems share a common structure.Aim:In this paper, to solve the scalability problem, architecture has been presented that allows a set of CDSSs to be placed on a common platform for Tele-monitoring.Material and methods:In order to provide the proposed architecture in this study, we extracted the related concepts from the literature. The anatomical concepts used in these studies are as follow: users, transmitted data, patient data storage databases, data transfer network, and medical setting and the work is done in this setting. Finally, to design the proposed architecture, UML has been used.Results:The innovation of this research is to provide a scalable and flexible architecture, which as a platform, is able to monitor multiple diseases with a common infrastructure. In this architecture, all components are commonly used simultaneously without the interference of several CDSSs.Conclusion:Utilizing the proposed model in this paper, while reducing the setup costs and speeding up the launch of various remote monitoring systems, many rework in the implementation of these systems is also reduced.