This study aims to evaluate the fermentation characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus spp isolated from sweet sorghum silage to enhance the fermentation quality of Napier grass and sweet sorghum silage. Based on molecular 16S ribosomal ribonucleic identification the isolated strains were phylogenetically related to Lactobacillus plantarum (HY1), Pediococcus acidilactici (HY2) and Pediococcus claussenii (HY3). Strains HY1, HY2 and HY3 and commercial bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum, Ecosyl; (MTD\1( were ensiled with sweet sorghum and Napier grass and the non-inoculated grasses, have been arranged in a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 (inoculants) × 3 (ensiling periods). In both grasses, the fermentation characteristics chemical composition and microbial population were assessed at 5–30 and 90 days of ensiling. The results showed that the effect of addition inoculants significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the pH, ammonia-N, acetic acid and undesirable microbial population and increased (p < 0.05) lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria counting when compared to the control. The effect of ensiling days on silage quality through the increasing lactic acid, acetic acid, ammonia-N, propionic acid and butyric acid whereas decreasing pH and water-soluble carbohydrates and microbial counts. In both sweet sorghum and Napier silage treated with isolated strains showed the best results in silage quality. The HY3 belongs to Pediococcus claussenii was not extensively studied in silage but it has shown good fermentation quality which strongly recommended to apply as probiotic.

Chlorides with palygorskite modifications have been more successfully used to remove heavy metal pollution from field soils. A pot experiment was used to examine the effects of amendments on the growth, biological concentration factor, bioaccumulation factor, and biological evaluation of heavy metals in corn (Zea mays L.).The palygorskite modified (with five various chlorides from PAL-Na to PAL-Al) and the PAL modified (with the non-amendment as the control) were used to remedy soil-contaminated pollution. Scan electrically microscopes SEM and X-ray deflection was utilised to characterise the modifications in the exterior and internal structure. In order to determine the bioavailability and stabilising effectiveness, CaCl2-extractable and part of the toxic characteristic leachable procedure were applied. To estimate the efficiency of stabilisation, the accumulations of minerals in roots and shoots (fresh and dry weight) were assessed. The palygorskite-modified with five chloride particles are dispersed consistently and are greatly established on the surfaces of the palygorskite, according to SEM and XRD. The TF amounts for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Cr were < 1, and the BCF and BAC amounts were obviously larger in the lower than in the upper parts. In conclusion, effectively reducing the bioavailability and movability of heavy metal in soil was achieved by applying palygorskite-modified chloride. In Cd, Cu, Pb, and Cr-contamination soils the stabilisation performed better when palygorskite-modified chlorides were applied than palygorskite alone. Therefore, it was a practical and potentially useful substance that might be used to efficiently ameliorate heavy metal contamination in soil and could have been high and accessible usage on the field scale.

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