Metallic implants are extensively used to treat a spectrum of orthopaedic related disorders. Among the metals, titanium and its alloys are considered most excellent and indispensable material for the production of orthopaedic implants regarding their sterling mechanical properties and exceptional biocompatibility. Recently, rapid progress in developing non-toxic titanium-based alloys with modulus similar to that of human bone has inspired researchers globally. Thus, many studies have focused on titanium alloys, their heat treatment processes and several processing technologies. Additive manufacturing has been designed to enhance their mechanical properties tailored towards biomedical applications. Inarguably, the need to further improve on the implant’s biocompatibility with bodily environment for optimum service life is of great importance. Hence, hydroxyapatite coating provides an improvement as demonstrated by in vitro as well as in vivo studies. The present article critically reviews, based on recent scientific literatures, the progress made thus far in the development of titanium-based alloys, additive manufacturing processes and their heat and surface treatments tailored towards biomedical applications.

This chapter explored the synthesis method of macro porous ceramic by using the partial sintering, direct foaming, replica template and sacrificial template technique. The focus is to produce macro porosity in the ceramic for specific application purposes that required this porosity range. At first, fundamentals in each technique were discussed and the advancement in the topic for the recent five years was presented. This is followed by advantages and limitations existing with the current technology for each synthesizing technique. Finally, the chapter covers the possible future trends that can be explored in making the process of synthesizing macro porous ceramic to be more repeatable, stable and sustainable in the near future.