The clinical care of the intoxicated, as well as the epidemiological surveillance activities of the population exposed to pesticides, require reference values ​​to be able to make decisions based on science. Cholinesterases are biomarkers discovered in the early twentieth century that currently work as auxiliaries in the diagnosis of acute and chronic poisoning. Methodology: In this study we will review 28 investigations that used as a biomarker the cholinesterase in pesticide poisoning, found in search engines PubMed, Dialnet, Redalyc, Crossreff and Google Scholar. Results: 71.42% of the articles reported a decrease in cholinesterase in the population under study and 28.57% report not having detected a decrease in cholinesterase in the study population. Conclusions: We recommend that researchers always consider the delicacy of these enzymes and remember the most important factors that can affect cholinesterase values ​​in addition to pesticides.