Background: Trophic feeding is the practice of feeding minute volume of enteral feeds in order to stimulate the development of the immature gastrointestinal tract of the preterm infants with no evidence of any adverse effects following trophic feeding. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess nurses' performance regarding trophic feeding for preterm infants at Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Design: A descriptive design was used to conduct this study. Setting: This study was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of El-Fayoum General Hospital. A convenient sample composed of 65 nurses who were working at the previously mentioned setting. Tools: three tools were used in this study are, pre-designed interview questionnaire sheet, observational checklists and attitude Likert type rating scale. Results: It was found that, more than two fifth of the studied nurses had a poor level of knowledge and more than two thirds of them had incompetent level of practices and more than half had positive attitude regarding trophic feeding. Conclusion: There were highly statistically significant differences with positive correlations between knowledge, total practices and total attitude of the studied nurses. Recommendations: Setting educational and training programs for neonatal nurses to improve their knowledge and practices regarding trophic feeding at NICUs.

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Background: Bell's palsy (BP) is a common cranial neuropathy causing acute unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis and idiopathic, unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the facial nerve without any associated disorders. Aim: To evaluate the effect of health educational guidelines on knowledge and practices of mothers having children with Bell's Palsy. Design: A quasiexperimental research design was used. Setting: This study was conducted at physical therapy department of Beni-Suef Hospital. Subject: 100 mothers and their children were selected randomly. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection, Tool1: A Self-administered questionnaire: Developed by the researchers and used to assess characteristics of mothers and their children also mothers' knowledge about Bell's palsy (pre, post, and at follow up) phases of guidelines implementation. Tool2: An observational checklist (pre/post and follow up tests) to evaluate mothers' practices in relation to their children with Bell's palsy such as pain relieving, eye care, follow up with doctor, mouth and dental hygiene, maintaining muscle tone and facial palsy yoga exercise. Results: There were highly statistically significant differences (P<.0001) regarding mothers knowledge and practices before, immediately after and at follow up phases of guidelines implementation. Conclusion: The present study concluded that, the educational guidelines had a positive effect on mothers' knowledge and their practices about their children with Bell's palsy. Recommendations: Continuous ongoing in-service educational programs to nurses, mothers and caregivers are necessary to improve their knowledge, increase their awareness, follow-up and care of their children to decrease health complications.

Background: Auditory interventions by listening to Holy Qur'an or music can be considered a support to the traditional medical practices in reducing anxiety and pain related to chemotherapy. The study aim was to examine the effect of selected auditory interventions on reducing chemotherapy induced anxiety and pain of children with cancer and their parents' satisfaction. Design: Pre/posttest quasi-experimental research design was used. Sample: A purposive sample of 100 children undergoing chemotherapy and one of their parents, children divided into two equal groups received selected auditory interventions: 50 children received Holy Qur'an and 50 children listened to music. Setting: This study was conducted at the outpatient and inpatient pediatric chemotherapy units at University Hospital affiliated to Suez Canal and Ismailia Medical Complex. Tools: Tool (I) Interviewing questionnaire which included demographic data for the studied children and one of their parents, Tool (II) a numerical rating scale (NRS) to evaluate children's pain intensity, Tool (III) Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), is used to assess anxiety level, and Tool (IV) Parents` satisfaction questionnaire to evaluate the parents' level of satisfaction with the selected auditory intervention of pain relief in the children undergoing chemotherapy. Results: Study results revealed that studied children age was between 8 to <10 years old were (40%) in the Qur'an group and (36%) in the music group. It also, showed that, 58% of children who listening to Holy Qur'an had severe pain pre-test and decreased to 5% post-test, while, in the music group 30% had severe pain in pre-test which improved to 12% post-test and 50% of children had not anxiety in Holy Qur'an group and 33% had moderate anxiety in music group post-test. Also parents' satisfaction to the use of selected auditory interventions are increased in post-test Holy Qur'an (50%) compared to music group (30%). Conclusion: there were highly statistical significant differences in application of selected auditory interventions by listening to Holy Qur'an and music as children had lower pain intensity and anxiety level in post-test compared to pre-test. Recommendation: Health education and training program should be conducted for pediatric nurses about different auditory interventions that can play a vital role in supporting clinical practices to reduce pain and anxiety level for children undergoing chemotherapy.

Background: Foot massage appears to be effective, affordable, adaptable, and simple to use. Foot massage appears to be effective in reducing pain, fatigue, improving physiological indicators and sleep patterns among children undergoing chemotherapy. Aim: To determine the effect of foot massage on physiological indicators, fatigue, and pain among children undergoing chemotherapy. Subjects and Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental design was used to conduct this study. Setting:The study was conducted at