The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of folate against methomyl-induced toxicity on the kidneys and testes of male rats. Adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; Group I served as the control (vehicle), Group II received folic acid (1.1 mg per kg b.wt.), Group III methomyl (1 mg per kg b.wt.) and Group IV folic acid and methomyl. Treatments were administered oral gavage on a daily basis for 14 weeks. Thereafter blood samples were collected and serum creatinine, testosterone and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Animals were sacrificed and semen analysis was conducted. The kidneys and testes were excised and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for caspase-3 were also undertaken. Methomyl treatment resulted in a significant ( < 0.001) elevation of creatinine and MDA levels and significant ( < 0.001) reduction in testosterone and TAC levels. Furthermore, methomyl caused a significant ( < 0.001) reduction in sperm quality. Histopathological examination indicated testicular and renal damage with strong immunoreactivity for caspase-3. Functional and tissue damage was prevented in rats treated with a combination of methomyl and folic acid. This is ascribed to the ability of folate to directly scavenge reactive oxygen species and indirectly enhance cellular redox homeostasis. This study identified that folic acid supplementation may have a beneficial effect in preventing or reducing the deleterious effects of methomyl exposure on kidney as well as testis structure and function. Future studies should focus on the fertility outcome/pregnancy index in rats.

Age estimation is fundamental in forensic examinations, either in legal conditions that including living people or to identify skeletal remains. The mandible gives better growth than the other facial bones and presents morphological alterations that relate to size and remodeling during human growth. Previous studies have reported the use of facial reconstruction by three dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) for individual identification. The aim of this study was to investigate role of 3D-CT in age estimation from mandible of a sample of Libyan Population in Tripoli. This study was conducted in National Cancer Institute, Tripoli, Libya on 200 adults for 6 months (from the beginning of January to the end of June, 2020). All subjects were subjected to 3D-CT scan to assess seven mandibular parameters which were gonial angle, ramus length, minimal ramus breadth, coronoid height, gonion-gnathion length, bicondylar breadth and bigonial length. The results showed significant positive correlation between gonial angle, gonion-gnathion length and age. While, there was significant negative correlation between ramus length, bigonial length and age either in total, male and female samples. By simple linear regression equations, age can be estimated from mandibular parameters proven to be statistically significant with highest R 2 (coefficient of determination) were gonial angle and ramus length either in total, male and female samples. Additionally, there were no significant differences between actual age and estimated age by gonial angle and ramus length either in total, male and female samples. It can be concluded that age can be estimated from mandibular metric parameters measured by 3D-CT with high degree of accuracy.