Problem statement: Although many efforts have been done on studying the behaviour of TCP in MANET, but the behaviour of TFRC remain unclear in MANET. The purpose of this research is two folds. First, we studied the behaviour of TFRC and TCP over AODV and DSR as the underlying routing protocols in terms of throughput, delay and jitter. The second objective was to identify whether MANET routing protocols have an impact on transport protocols or not. Approach: Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) was used to conduct all of the experiments, i.e., TFRC over AODV, TFRC over DSR, TCP over AODV and TCP over DSR. We created 30 nodes on a 1000×1000 m location area and each node was assigned CBR traffic, transport protocol and routing protocol. In order to simulate the nodes mobility, we implemented a Random Waypoint mobility model with varying speeds of 5, 10, 15 and 20 m sec −1 (m/sec) with a 10 sec pause time. Results: We observed that TFRC throughput increases almost 55% when using DSR as its routing protocol, but TCP throughput has no significant difference with different underlying protocols. However, in terms of jitter and delay, both routing protocols, i.e., AODV and DSR have the impact of more than 50% on TFRC and TCP. Conclusion/Recommendations:The results obtained also show us that TFRC or TCP should choose AODV as its routing protocol because it has less jitter which is one of the critical performance metrics for multimedia applications.

Problem statement:This study presents a wireless sensor node dedicated for in-tire pressure and temperature monitoring. Additional features set it apart from the many different systems available on the highly competitive market. State-of-the-art implementations are mounted on the rim of a tire. Here the sensor node will be mounted on the inner liner of the tire. By moving the sensor node from the rim to the inner liner, new challenges in the analog design arise. Approach: To implement this sensor node new power supply methods are investigated. Next, analog designs with the focus on low power are developed. Since the sensor node is operated in a harsh environment, robustness is a key issue. Results: The discussed sensor is capable of either active or passive communication. The passive communication is used in the field of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), whereas active communication is used to transmit the sensor data. A combination of both is also possible. To supply the chip in the tire an RF energy harvesting interface is implemented. An input sensitivity of -19.7dBm for the harvesting interface and -12.5 dBm for the RFID interface is measured. The on-chip temperature sensor consumes 4µA including the analog to digital converter. Conclusion: Choosing the discussed sensor node for in-tire monitoring enables new fields of applications. With this sensor node sensing additional parameters like road condition is possible. Using passive communication improves warehouse management for tire manufactures. Also, tire type identification at the car is enabled.