A sex pheromone isolated from the cuticle and feces of the female house fly attracts the male fly; it has been identified as ( Z )-9-tricosene. Chemical and biological comparisons of the natural and synthesized compounds show that they are identical.

The sex attractant emitted by the female gypsy moth has been identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane. The structure was verified by spectral, gas chromatographic, and biological comparisons with the synthesized compound. Nine closely related isomers were considerably less effective.

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