Two field experiments were performed in Agricultural Farm of Sides Agricultural Research Station , ARC ,Beni-Suef Governorate , Egypt to investigate the effect of different levels of compost (0.0 , 4.8 and 9.5 Mg ha -1 ) and different nitrogen sources , i.e. , without ,ammonium ,sulphate (AS) , ammonium nitate (AN) and urea(U) on some soil chemical and physical properties after wheat harvested as well as wheat growth parameters ; yield and its components. The results show that all studied soil properties and nutrient availability were improved due to increasing compost level, except soil salinity, which increased by increasing compost. Also, increased compost level increased wheat growth, yields and its components as well as N, P and K content in grains and straw. N-fertilization did not affect soil properties and nutrient availability except soil reaction and soil available phosphorus. It could be arranged nitrogen sources on reducing soil pH and increasing soil available phosphorus in the descending order as follow : AS > AN > U . Irrespective of nitrogen sources, nitrogen application was significantly increased all studied growth parameters, yield and yield components and nutrients content, where as fertilizer surpassed other nitrogen forms followed by AN and U. The treatment of 9.5 Mg ha -1 compost +179 g Nha -1 consider the best treatment of wheat productivity and improved soil properties and fertility under the condition of alluvial soil for middle Egypt.

Two field experiments were implemented at El-Gemmieza Agric., Res. Station, Agric., Res., Center in El Gharbiah Governorate, Egypt through (2017/2018) seasons to investigate the impact of rice straw and compost application on soil physicochemical properties, water use efficiency and production of both wheat and maize yields. The design of experiment was complete randomized blocks design with three replicates, the experiment comprises the following treatments: T 1 : (control), T 2 : 2.50 t ha -1 (RS), T 3 : 5.00 t ha -1 (RS), T 4 : 5.00 t ha -1 (C), T 5 : 2.50 t ha -1 (RS) + 5.00 t ha -1 (C) and T 6 : 5.00 t ha -1 (RS) + 5.00 t ha -1 (C). Results showed that the applied of all organic treatments improved organic carbon, total N, C/N ratio and pH in soil when in all sample that was taken monthly at (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180,210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 days from incubation rice straw and compost as compared to control treatment. Results show that applied T 6 gave the best values of total porosity and hydraulic conductivity but the bulk density decreased than other treatments. The same trend was noticed concerning application T 6 treatment which improved crops and water use efficiency of both wheat and maize as well as increased content (%) and uptake (Kg ha -1 ) of nitrogen, Phosphors, and potassium of grains and straw of both wheat -maize crops as compared to other treatments. It seems that the characteristics parameters of soil and plants has followed the sequence T 6 > T 5 > T 4 > T 3 > T 2 > T 1 .

Understanding the relationships between rice yield and soil properties is very critical importance in precision farming. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationships between special variability of soil properties and rice yield (Oryza sativa). The area under study is 41.67 ha in EL-Gemmieza Agriculture Research Station, of the Agric. Rese. Center (ARC), El Gharbiah Governorate, Egypt (Middle of Nile Delta). The studied location divided into two sites varied in their productivity of rice. Soil pH was found slightly alkaline at site (1) and alkaline at site (2). The EC and CEC in site (1) were higher than at site (2). On contrary values of ESP were higher at site (2) than at site 1. Higher exchangeable cations were observed under site (1) than site (2) except of exchangeable -Na + showed a contrary behavior. Data also showed that values of soil bulk density were lower under site 1 than site (2) whereas; total porosity, hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate were higher in site (1) than site (2). Higher values of grain yield, straw yield, harvest index and NPK content and uptake in grain and straw were found in site (1) than in site (2). The values of variation coefficients (CV) of the most studied traits showed low variability (< 20). At site 1 there is a significant correlation at 5% level with positive trends between grain yield and the traits of CEC, soluble K, exchangeable Ca ++ , Mg ++ , available N and K, total porosity and hydraulic conductivity. While, negative significant correlations at 5% level with negative trends were noticed between exchangeable Na + and bulk density. On the other hand, result of satirical analysis of site 2 indicated a positive and significant correlations between grain yield of rice plant and all the traits of harvest index, N and K uptake in straw, CEC, O.M, exchangeable -Ca ++ & K + , available -N & available -P, total porosity and hydraulic conductivity. As the results of the stepwise regression analysis of site (1), it can arrange the soil physical characteristics, as their effective on rice yield, in the following order of: infiltration rate > soil total porosity > saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). While the order of soil chemical characteristics were: ESP > pH > EC > O.M. As for soil available nutrients, their continuation factors were 90.7, and 7.0 % for soil available-K & available-N, respectively. For site (2) it can arrange the soil physical characteristics, as their effective on rice yield, in the following order of: bulk density > saturated hydraulic conductivity. While the order of soil chemical characteristics was: ESP > pH > CEC > O.M. As for soil available nutrients, their continuation factors were 91.1 and 5.6 % for soil available-K, and P, respectively.

Lysimeter experiments were conducted during two consecutive seasons of winter 2017/2018 and summer season 2018 for wheat and soybean at EL-Gemmieza Agriculture Research Station, El Gharbiya Governorate to study the influence of sulphur and biochar on soil proprieties, productivity of wheat and soybean yields in soils have different texture classes. The experiments were lay out in a split plot (SP) design with three replicates. The main plots were occupied with three different types of soils (clay, calcareous and sandy soils), sub plots were devoted to soil amendments i.e T1: control, T2: sulphur (1.50 Mg ha -1 ), T3: biochar (5 Mg ha -1 ) and T4: sulphur (1.50 Mg ha -1 ) + biochar (5 Mg ha -1). Results indicated that application of sulphur or biochar and individually and in combination led to an increase in available N, P, K, cation exchange capacity, total porosity, organic matter, exchangeable Ca, Mg and K while EC, pH, bulk density and soil hydraulic conductivity high significantly decreased in sandy and calcareous soils. On the contrary, soil hydraulic conductivity high significantly increased by different treatments in the clay soil. Grain and straw yields as well as N, P and K concentration and uptake of wheat and soybean were high significantly increased by all application sulphur and biochar. Consequently the improvement of soil types on all properties can be arranged in the following order sandy soil < calcareous soil < clay soil. The combination application of biochar and sulphur (T4) lead to significant increase in yield of wheat and soybean (grain and straw).