This study focused on the assessment of determinants of fertility desire among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Mekelle town, Tigray, in Northern Ethiopia. An institution based cross sectional study was conducted, by interviewing members of the PLWHA associations in Mekelle town. Three hundred and seven subjects participated with a response rate of 95%, the median age of the respondents was 32. Majority (60%) of the respondents were males, 43% of all respondents were single and had a median monthly income of Birr 600.00 (35 USD), Majority of all respondents 203 (66.1%) expressed a desire to procreate, while 104 (33.9%) of them had no desire to procreate. House wives were 5.65 times more likely to want a child as compared with the other respondents OR=5.65 (1.29, 24.74). A considerable number of PLWHA expressed their desire to have a child in the future. Policy makers and health practitioners need to consider and plan for the implications of increased numbers of PLWHA who may choose to have children and should implement strategies so as to address PLWHA's fertility issues in more comprehensive manner.

Background Involving the husband in antenatal care follow up have a crucial role in pregnancy outcome and highly recommended by the world health organization. Data on husbands’ involvement during ANC follow up in Debre Berhan town was scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with the husband involvement in accompanying their wife to ANC follow up. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the study period among 405 married men whose wife was pregnant in the last year. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess levels of significance. Results More than half the 62.5% (252/405) of the husbands were involved in accompanying their wife in ANC follow up. A majority, 92.3% (374/405) of husbands had good communication with their wife during pregnancy and 88.6% (359/405) of husbands discussed with doctor about the health-related condition of their wife. Age category of husbands 30–39 years old (AOR: 1.9; 95%CI: 1.1, 3.2) and the educational status of husbands being illiterate and primary school (AOR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1, 3.1) and secondary school (AOR: 3.1; 95%CI: 1.7, 5.7) were significant predictors on accompanying their wife in ANC follow up. Conclusion More than half of the husbands were involved in accompanying their wife to ANC follow up. The age and educational status of the husband had significantly associated with an accompanying their wife to ANC follow-up. Educating husbands on the importance of their involvement during pregnancy increase their participation in ANC follow up.

Osteoporosis is one of the most common public health problems affecting adults and elderlies in developing countries. This study aims to examine the potential risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. This is a case-control study. Cases and controls were assigned by two radiologists after radiographic examination of the wrist. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used and information on demographic characteristics and potential risk factors were collected. Data was processed and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 19. Binary logistic regression was used to control confounders. A total of 130 osteoporotic cases and 266 controls participated in the study. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of cases and controls were 60.9 ± 10.1 and 46.9 ± 8.7 years, respectively. The multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that rural residents were 1.93 times more likely to develop osteoporosis than the urban inhabitants with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.93 (95% CI, 1.11, 3.36). The strongest association was also found when the work of the respondent involves decreased physical activity with AOR 3.53 (95% CI, 1.98 and 6.30). Furthermore, milk consumption greater than four times a week and smoking showed a significant association with the AOR 0.33 (95% CI, 0.19 and 0.58), and AOR 0.17 (95% CI, 0.05 and 0.58), respectively. Residing in the rural setting and smoking were positively associated with osteoporosis. In contrast, milk intake greater than four times a week, and when work involves vigorous exercise, appeared to be associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, the findings from the study suggest the need for changes of lifestyle that includes encouraging adults to stop smoking, engage in vigorous physical activities aging and adequate dietary intake including milk. Strategies to identify and manage osteoporosis in the primary health care setting need to be established.Key words: Case control, osteoporosis, risk factors, bone mineral density, DR-F digital radiography, Ethiopia. INTRODUCTIONThe patient profile in health institutions all over the developing world is changing. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have already established themselves as the predominant cause of disease and death in many middle-income countries including Ethiopia (WHO 2010).Osteoporosis is one of the non-communicable diseases defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone density and micro-architectural deterioration of bony tissue *Corresponding author. E-mail: alemayehub35@gmail.com. Conference, 1991). It is one of the most common public health problems in adults and older people worldwide (Ross 1996). It is a common silent disease affecting both women and men over the age of 50 years. A significant number of clinical symptoms associated with osteoporosis become evident only after the occurrence of hip, vertebral, or wrist fractures. These fractures lead to many problems such as mortality, morbidity, and economic problems to individuals...

Background: Risky sexual behavior (RSB) among youth can lead to serious social, economic, and health problems, such as unwanted pregnancy and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite a high burden of AIDS in the South Omo zone, little is known about RSB among secondary school students, and numerous studies in Ethiopia have discordant RSB findings. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and its determinants among secondary school students in the South Omo zone. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2023. A multistage sampling method was used to select 538 students. A validated and structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data after pretesting. The results of descriptive analysis were presented by texts, tables and figures. Variables found to be p<0.20 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were candidates for multivariate analysis. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p value less than 0.05 in multivariate analysis. Odds ratios along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the results of the logistic regressions. Results: The prevalence of RSB among the study participants was 25.9% (95% CI= 22.3%-29.9%). It was significantly associated with having sexually active close friends [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.90-5.02], attending night clubs (AOR=2.56; 95% CI: 1.35-4.86), drinking alcohol (AOR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.10-3.29), parental neglect (AOR=2.10; 95% CI: 1.35-3.29) and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge (AOR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.12-2.77). Conclusions: Risky sexual behavior among secondary school students was very high. Having sexually active friends, attending night clubs, drinking alcohol, parental neglect and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge were determinants of RSB. Strengthening reproductive and sexual health services, close communication with youth in the family, measures to lessen alcohol consumption and night club attendance, and enhancing HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among secondary school students are needed.