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Thermal insulating materials based on diatomite with burnable and reinforcing additives modified with synthetic and natural polymers have been developed. A mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and starch was used as modifying polymers. The parameters of linear shrinkage, density, tensile strengths in compression and bending, as well as the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material were determined depending on the concentration and ratio of polymers. It was established that polymer additives had a positive effect on almost all specified characteristics of thermal insulating materials. For example, when adding polymers up to 1 mass.%, the linear shrinkage coefficients decrease from 14.5 to 4.5%, the ultimate compression strengths increase from 0.22 to 2.51 MPa, the ultimate bending strengths increase from 0.2 to 1.26 MPa, the coefficients of thermal conductivity decrease from 0.068 to 0.049 W/m∙K. The densities of materials are in the range of 0.592-0.491 g/cm3. The results of the work showed that the obtained heat-insulating materials can be used as plasticizers in the field of thermal energy.

Materials able to decompose safely are very important for solving the environmental problems. In this paper, the preparation conditions of biodegradable film based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch were studied. IR-spectroscopy analysis showed that during the synthesis, copolymers connect with each other via hydrogen bonds. The films synthesized on the basis of PVA and starch have been subjected to γ-radiation. They have shown the improved characteristics on strength, elasticity and durability in various solvents at the expense of the polymeric components sewed by hydrogen bonds. Possibilities for application of the films as a biodegradable material were shown.

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