The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizer on grain yield of spring wheat and its technological quality. A field experiment (2009-2011) was conducted in south-eastern Poland on Cambisols. The experiment included 2 factors: N fertilization (0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha) and S fertilization (0, 50 kg/ha). The experiment showed that spring wheat cv. Tybalt exhibited a positive reaction of N and S fertilization on grain yield, which was the highest at the application of 80 kg N/ha (5.40 t/ha), increasing by 1.30 t/ha (13.1%) with respect to the control. S fertilization increased grain yield by 3.58%. S application increased significantly the content of gluten by 3.2%, cysteine by 6.0% and methionine by 16.5%. The most beneficial effect on the content of N, S, total protein, gluten, cysteine and methionine was observed for N application a rate of 80 kg/ha and for S at a rate of 50 kg/ha. Positive correlation was found between the content of S in grain and grain yield (r = 0.73). Significant correlations were found also between grain yield and all other quality characteristics except for N and starch content.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilizers on the content and uptake of macronutrients by grain dry mass (DM) of spring wheat. A field experiment was conducted in southeastern Poland on Cambisols (WRB 2007), in conditions of low S content in the soil. The experiment included 2 factors: fertilization with N (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha-1) and with S (0, 50 kg ha-1).The experiment showed a positive response of spring wheat to N and S fertilization. The highest grain yield was found after application of 80 kg N ha-1 and addition of 50 kg S ha-1 (5.43 t ha-1). The described combination resulted in beneficial content of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) (P –4.267, K–4.533, Mg–1.567, Ca–0.433 g kg-1) and uptake of macroelements by grain dry mass (DM) (P–20.48, K–21.79, Mg–7.52, Ca–2.08 kg ha-1). A generally positive correlation was found between content and uptake of macronutrients with exception of P content. Fertilization with N caused significantly narrowed mass ratios of K+: Ca2+, K+: Mg2+ and mass and mole ratio of K+:(Ca2++Mg2+) and increased mass ratio of Ca:P. While S application narrowed significantly, mass ratios of K+:Ca2+ and K+: (Ca2+ + Mg2+) and increased mass ratio of Ca:P.

Next to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, sulphur plays an important role in plant metabolism and is considered to be one of the most important nutrients. As sulphur deficit in Polish soils has been increasing in the last few decades, research has been carried out in order to evaluate the impact of different sulphur rates and forms on the content of macroelements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na) and their ratios in the Mila cultivar potato tubers. A strict, three-year field experiment was set up on Haplic Luvisol with acid reaction (5.3 pH KCl), mean richness in available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium but low in sulphur. The field experiments involved the sulphur application in doses of 20 and 40 kg S kg-1 in the form of sulphate (VI) (K 2 SO 4 and (NH 4) 2 SO 4) as well as in elemental form (Wigor S, containing 90% of pure sulphur and 10% of bentonite). Although potatoes represent the group of crops with low sulphur requirements, the research has clearly indicated that this component has definite impact on the content of macroelements in tubers. It was found that sulphur application, irrespective of its form and rate, compared with control sample generally increased the content of nitrogen, sulphur and magnesium in potato tubers, decreasing at the same time calcium content. The effect of the form of sulphur fertilisers on the content of macroelements was not univocal. The values of all the ratios calculated (K + :Mg +2 , K + :(Ca +2 +Mg +2) and (K + +Na +):(Ca +2 +Mg +2)), except for K + :Ca +2 , have generally decreased after sulphur application, which indicates positive changes in the nutritive value of potato tubers.

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