BtRnau contact, or by contaminated objects. According to Jellard (1957), the main reservoirs of this organism are (a) open lesions in the mothers, babies, or staff ; (b) adult skin and nasal carriers; and (c) the babies themselves, the umbilical cord being one of the principal sites. More than 80% of hospital-born infants are said to develop umbilical colonization by staphylococci at the fourth day (Fairchild, Graber, Vogel, and Ingersoll, 1958). In this respect the presence of the organism in the babies' stools has not been emphasized. Since staphylococci were cultured from the stools in nearly 50% of babies by the eighth day, the stools must be regarded as a potential reservoir of infection to which appropriate action must be directed during nursery outbreaks of staphylococcal sepsis. SummaryRectal colonization by Staph. aureus occurred in 48 % of 92 normal newborn infants by the eighth day, and was not associated with any gastro-intestinal disturbance. The finding of Staph. aureus in stool cultures from infants with diarrhoea should be regarded as incidental, unless shown to be caused by an epidemic strain. However, the prevalence of this organism in the stools may be a significant reservoir of staphylococcal spread in nursery infections.

Studies were carried out in mice and a monkey (paratenic hosts) and pathological lesions in mice have been described in liver, lung and brain with Toxocara larvae moving actively in the tissues causing damage (haemorrhages and necrosis) with encystment. In both mice and monkey there is essentially an eosinophilic response with lymphocytes and neutrophils also showing rise in the peripheral blood a few days after infection. In mice lymphocytes are the predominant tissue inflammatory cell.

In the Summer of 1943 Dr. P. L. leRoux, to whom I am very grateful for the material, madea collection of worm parasites of ducks and waterbirds, shot near the Kalunga River, Chunga Farm, Chinsali District, Northern Rhodesia. Three genera of Trematodes are represented in this material, two of which, as far as records show, viz. Typhlocoelum and Paryphostomum, whose members are widely distributed in Asia, Europe and America, are here recorded for the first time from the African Continent. Petasiger variospinosus is recorded from a new host and a new locality.

The schistosome transmitting molluscs, Physopsis africana and Biomphalaria tanganikanus, from the Belgian Congo, carried the metacercaria of Echinoparyphium recurvatum and of Echinostoma revolutum, which have been recorded for the first time from the Southern half of the African Continent. Further research may indicate their wider distribution in this Continent.Development of the larval stages and heavy encystment of the metacercaria of these echinostomes in the schistosome transmitting molluscs led to death of the snails. The use of other trematode species, particularly echinostomes may offer great prospects in the field control of schistosome transmitting molluscs.

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