Static or modulated magnetic fields (MF) may interact with the biological system and affect the metabolism of microorganisms, such as their photosynthetic capacity or synthesis of carbohydrates. Their effects on microorganisms, which can be classified into inhibiting, stimulating and null, may be interpreted as the result of stress that cells undergo, thus, leading to responses through the same mechanisms. Biological effects of exposure to magnetic forces depend on magnetic intensity, frequency and exposure time. Modifications in these parameters may enhance product formation. Effects differ according to the form and application of MF characteristic parameters. Magnetic treatments have the advantages of being convenient and non-toxic, having low running cost, emitting no secondary pollution, enabling wide application and being easily shielded. MF application to the cultivation of microalgae, to improve the production of finished biomolecules, is a simple, inexpensive and powerful process. However, bioeffects of MF on microalgae need to be further investigated because there have currently been very few available reports in the literature. Thus, studies which aim at optimizing parameters involved in MF application must be developed in order to obtain the best conditions for the production of molecules with high economic potential.
RESUMO -Os campos magnéticos (CM) podem alterar funções biológicas dos organismos por alterações no crescimento, proliferação e viabilidade celular, bem como na morfologia celular. A aplicação desse tratamento no cultivo das microalgas é relativamente escassa, comparado a outros micro-organismos como bactérias e leveduras. Desta forma, o objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos dos CM no crescimento da microalga Spirulina sp. LEB 18. Os cultivos foram realizados em fotobiorreatores tubulares verticais de 1,8 L. A microalga foi cultivada em meio Zarrouk padrão, 30°C, iluminância de 41 µmol m -2 s -1 , fotoperíodo 12 h claro/escuro, por 15 dias. Foram realizados cultivos controles (sem aplicação de CM) e com aplicação de CM (com ímãs permanentes fixados nos fotobiorreatores). Diariamente determinou-se pH e concentração celular. As respostas avaliadas foram concentração celular máxima, produtividade, velocidade específica de crescimento máxima e tempo de geração. A intensidade média de CM aplicado de 80 mT causou efeito inibitório no crescimento, uma vez que as respostas avaliadas obtiveram valores inferiores comparados ao cultivo controle.
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