Respiratory diseases, which occupy a leading place in the structure of child morbidity, tend to recur frequently, especially in early childhood, and contribute to the chronization of the process, reduce the quality of life of children and their parents. This work is devoted to an urgent problem: the treatment and prevention of acute pneumonia in young children from large families. Timely diagnosis and pathogenetic therapy of acute pneumonia will help to ease the severity of the process, avoid possible complications, and develop rehabilitation measures.