Solanum mauritianum, commonly known as “Tabaquillo”, was
one of the most used plants by tribes from South America as a remedy for
headaches. Based on this ethnopharmacological use, a bioguided isolation of
compounds with anti-inflammatory and anti-Alzheimer’s activities from
S. mauritianum was carried out by measuring the inhibition of
NF-κB in C8D1A, Neuro-2a, and EOC 13.31 cells, and by
measuring the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid.
This allowed the isolation and characterisation by nuclear magnetic resonance
and mass spectrometry of four compounds (1–4). Compounds
1–4 showed NF-κB inhibitory activity
with IC50 values of 9.13–9.96, 17.17–17.77,
2.41–2.79, and 1.59–1.93 µM, respectively, while
celastrol (the positive control) had an IC50 value of
7.41 µM. Likewise, compounds 1–4 showed
anti-Alzheimer’s activity, inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase by 40.33,
20.57, 61.26, and 83.32%, respectively, while galantamine (positive
control) showed an inhibition of 90.38%. In addition, concerning the
inhibition of β-amyloid aggregation, compounds
1–4 showed an inhibition of 47, 23, 65, and
93%, respectively, while curcumin (positive control) had an inhibition
of 71.19%.
