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Routes in mobile ad hoc networks can be disconnected due to the movement of nodes. By this issue the transmission of data is not secure and the adversarial nodes can easily attack the other nodes. These adversarial nodes affect the performance in networks and so, it is more important to identify the neighbor node in mobile ad hoc networks. To secure data and to minimize adversary attacks, the mobile node is required to learn the discovery and neighbor's position which is more challenging in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, the fully distributed Enhanced NPV (ENPV) scheme is proposed and it is robust against colluding adversaries. This ENPV protocol can prevent maximum number of adversaries attack.

Abstract:In wireless ad hoc network, the major problem is to provide reliable energy efficient routes which maximize the network lifetime, i.e., the number of successful transmissions. Residual energy metric is estimated for providing energy efficiency and improved reliability. In this paper, new energy-aware routing algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks, called Enhanced Reliable Minimum Energy Cost Routing (ERMECR) and Enhanced Reliable Minimum Energy Routing (ERMER) are proposed. ERMECR consider the remaining battery energy of nodes to find reliable routes and effectively reduce the energy consumption that increases the operational lifetime. In ERMECR, the energy consumed for retransmission of the packet as well, when the packet or its acknowledgment is lost. ERMER finds routes which minimizing the total energy required for end-to-end packet traversal. ERMECR and ERMER are to ensure reliability based on hop-by-hop and end-to-end retransmissions.Keywords: Energy-aware routing, reliability, hop-by-hop and end-to-end retransmissions, wireless ad hoc networks I.INTRODUCTION Ad hoc network is a network formed without any central administration which consists of mobile nodes that use a wireless interface to send packet data. Wireless ad hoc network (WANET) is a decentralized wireless network and no preexisting infrastructure. Instead of each node in a network can serve as routers and hosts, they can forward packets for other nodes.Energy consumption is also one of the most important performance metrics for wireless ad hoc networks, it directly relates to the operational lifetime of the networks. In the Wireless Ad-hoc Networks, battery replacement may not be possible. So as far as energy consumption concerned, should try to preserve energy while maintaining high connectivity.Each node depends on small low-capacity batteries as energy sources, and cannot expect replacement when operating in hostile and remote regions. For Wireless Ad hoc Networks, energy depletion and reduction is the primary factor in connectivity degradation and length of operational lifetime. Overall performance becomes highly dependent on the energy efficiency of the algorithm.Effective mechanism for reducing the energy cost of forwarding the packet in wireless ad hoc network is done by energy efficient routing algorithms. In general, routes are discovered considering the energy consumed for end-to-end (E2E) packet traversal. This should not finding less reliable routes or overusing a set of specific nodes in the network. Energy-efficient routing in ad hoc networks is neither complete nor efficient without the consideration of reliability of links and remaining energy of nodes.