Delinquent behavior is conceptualized as a manifestation of situation-specific social-behavioral skill deficits. The research was in two phases. In Phase 1, a measure consisting of 44 behavioral role-playing and problem-solving itemsthe Adolescent Problems Inventory (API)-was empirically developed, along with an item-specific criterion-referenced raters' manual. The inventory was designed to identify strengths and weaknesses in the personal and interpersonal skills repertoires of adolescent boys. Phase 2 was concerned with the validation of the API. In an initial validation study, the API responses of institutionalized delinquent boys were rated as less competent than the responses of either of two nondelirxquent groups of teenage boys ("good citizens" and "leaders") from a public high school. Analyses of the inventory's characteristics showed it to be reliable, to be composed of items with little or no cluster structure, and to have extraordinary discriminant power. A second validation study compared the API responses of two groups: institutionalized delinquent boys who had frequent behavioral problems within the institution and institutionalized delinquent boys who had few acting-out problems within the institution. The former group was judged to respond less skillfully. A third validation study replicated previous group differences between delinquents and carefully matched nondelinquents. The study also showed that the type of directions given ("What would you do?" vs. "What is the best thing to do?") and test format (free response vs. multiple choice) significantly affected performance. It is suggested that researchers using a social skills conceptualization of personality do more thorough assessment studies of behavior pathologies before embarking on the development of large-scale social skills training programs.It has been suggested that some Individ-male adolescent delinquents (Sarason & Ganuals behave maladaptively simply because zer, 1971). they lack the requisite skills to do better Unfortunately, nearly all skill-training (e.g., McFall, 1976). In recent years, this studies to date have been treatment oriented; skill-deficit conception of deviance has been that is, they have been concerned either with reflected in numerous experimental skill-evaluating the general therapeutic utility of training programs aimed at treating such skill-training programs or with assessing the clinical populations as nonassertive college specific contributions of various training cornstudents (McFall & Twentyman, 1973), shy ponents, such as instructions, modeling, remales (Twentyman & McFall, 1975), alco-hearsal, or feedback. Meanwhile, many funholies (Sobell & Sobell, 1973), psychiatric damental questions concerning the underlying inpatients (Goldsmith & McFall, 1975), and assumptions, concepts, and methods of the

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Using standard questions, the experimenter interviewed 20 schizophrenic and 20 nonschizophrenic subjects during psychiatric intake. Subjects were asked about recent subjective changes in their perceptual and cognitive functioning. Responses were scored for presence or absence of specific perceptual and thinking disturbances, using verbatim typescripts and a standard raters' manual. Schizophrenics, more often than nonschizophrenics, reported changes in the following: thought blocking which disrupts speech (p < .02), mental fatigue (p < .05), inability to focus attention (p < .05), attribution of impaired concentration to factors other than preoccupation (p < .05), visual illusions (p < .05), misidentineation of people (p < .01), language not understood (p < .02), more acute auditory preception (p < .05), and impaired perception of speech (p = .05). Half of the schizophrenics reported an attentional deficit like the one McGhie and Chapman proposed as the primary disorder in schizophrenia.The inner world of the schizophrenic has rarely been explored in a systematic, objective way. A number of clinicians have reported case studies of single patients, and a few have gathered reports from four or five selected patients into one paper to illustrate and bolster particular theories. However, the subjective experience of schizophrenia has been all but ignored by most researchers, who regard firstperson reports as somehow unscientific. A valuable source of hypotheses which could be tested experimentally is thereby lost.Most information about the subjective experience of schizophrenia has come from truefalse inventories. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1943) provides a cursory glimpse 1 This paper is based on a master's thesis submitted by the first author to the University of Wisconsin and supervised by the second author.

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The intent of this article is, first, to describe some currently available means of strengthening marital and family ties for the incarcerated offender, and to point out the inherent limitations of these processes. Second, we will describe common reactions of inmates to marital crises, especially impending divorce. Third, we will make some comments and recommendations about the conduct of 'marital therapy' when the therapist has access to only one spouse or partner. Inefficient and dysfunctional as such an approach may sound to the therapist accustomed to working with couples 'on the streets,' it is often the only alternative available to the correctional mental health professional when the imprisoned marital partner is in a state of acute pain, with both crisis intervention and follow-up treatment critical.