Deregulation and restructuring have become unavoidable trends to the power industry recently in order to increase its efficiency, to reduce operation costs, or to provide customers better services. The once centralized system planning and management must be remodeled to reflect the changes in the market environment. We have proposed and developed a multi-agent based system to assist players, such as, owners of power generation stations, owners of transmission lines, and groups of consumers, in the same market to select partners to form coalitions. The system provides users with a cooperation plan and its associated cost allocation plan for the users to support their decision making process. Bilateral Shapley Value (BSV) was selected as the theoretical foundation to develop the system. The multi-agent system was developed by the combination of IDEAS and Tcl/Tk.

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As urbanization continues to expand in China, carbon emissions (CE) from the construction industry and the amount of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) are rapidly increasing. In order to reduce CEs and environmental hazards, this paper constructs a Stackelberg game model to explore the evolution of carbon emissions reduction (CER) and recycling strategies in the construction material supply chain (CMSC) under the carbon cap–trade (C&T) mechanism. The monotonicity analysis on important variables and model comparison simulation are then conducted. The results show the following: (1) A contractor’s green preference positively correlates with the CER level and recycling rate, while the CER cost exerts the opposite effect. (2) The C&T mechanism incentivizes low-emission manufacturers to actively participate in CER. However, excessive carbon trading prices may put high-emitters in a dilemma, making the whole supply chain profitless. (3) The recycler’s decision to recycle C&DW tends to follow the manufacturer’s CER decision. These findings not only help policy makers understand stakeholders’ behavior in CMSC under C&T mechanism, but also provide a basis for the government to formulate CER policies and introduce low-carbon management.

As China pursues carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, the low‐carbon economy and energy conservation have become essential components of high‐quality economic development. Although agriculture plays a fundamental role in a country, the relationship between agricultural development, investment, and carbon emissions is often overlooked in existing research. This study aims to address this gap by examining the impact of financial investment in agriculture on carbon dioxide emissions and the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. Employing panel data from mainland China's provinces between 2007 and 2020, the study also investigates the regional heterogeneity in the effect of agricultural investment on carbon dioxide emissions. Our findings reveal that increasing financial investment in agriculture effectively reduces carbon dioxide emissions, primarily through optimizing industrial structure and fostering technological innovation. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the inhibitory effect of agricultural investment on carbon dioxide emissions is more pronounced in eastern regions, provinces with a higher degree of marketization, and provinces with a substantial proportion of primary industry. These results provide a theoretical basis for leveraging agricultural financial investment to restrain carbon dioxide emissions and highlight the unique contributions of our study to the existing body of research.