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SUMXARY.Oleuropein, the bitter principle of green olives, is surface active; t,his and it,s effect on cell membranes, as demonstrated with human erythrocytes, seems to be the bask of its antimicrobial activity. Oleuropein effected a significant leakage of glutamate, potassium and inorganic phosphate from LactobaciEZus plantarum. Oleuropein had no effect on the rate of glycolysis when added to resting cells of L. plantarum but it caused a decrease in the ATP content of the cells.