In vitro, the anthelmintic activity of Cassia fistula was studied on the pathogenic liver fluke Fasciola gigantica. Live liver flukes were collected from the infected part of the liver and bile duct of the freshly slaughtered domestic goat at the local meat market of Udaipur, India. The in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cassia fistula leaves at different concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/ml for 2 to 10 h of exposure time were evaluated against the pathogenic liver fluke F. gigantica. The study revealed that alcoholic and aqueous extracts of C. fistula caused more mortality compared to albendazole. The alcoholic extract was more potent than the aqueous extract of C. fistula. The present research work is of significance because it would help to prepare less costly, eco-friendly, anthelmintic, and veterinary herbal drugs to replace the synthetic drugs that are currently in use.

Gastrothylax crumenifer parasites have been found in the rumen of goats. G. crumenifer is listed as one of the most pathogenic parasite that causes paramphistomiasis, directly or indirectly negatively affects the dairy and food industries in tropical and sub-tropical region. Live G. crumenifer parasites were collected from the infected rumen of freshly slaughtered domestic goats at the local meat market and Zoo abattoir of Southern Rajasthan. The parasites were divided into four groups: The first group of the worms was used for the identification of species of amphistome G. crumenifer by whole mount preparation. The second group of G. crumenifer was used as a control group. The third group of worms was incubated in different concentrations of the alcoholic extracts of medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia. The fourth group of G. crumenifer was treated with synthetic drug albendazole at different concentrations. Parasites were fixed in fixative Karnovsky for scanning electron microscope (SEM). The T. cordifolia treated parasite revealed prominent conformational changes. After exposure to T. cordifolia plant extracts, the surface of parasites becomes deformed, destructions, swelling and shrinkage occurred through body length. The alcoholic extracts of T. cordifolia caused intense distortion, extensive erosion, breakage and severe alterations in different part of G. crumenifer. The results indicate the highest toxic effect of alcoholic extracts in comparison to albendazole. Findings may help to initiate pharmacological aspects of the extracts T. cordifolia herbal plants to prepare less costly, ecofriendly anthelmintic and veterinary drugs.