Currently, Kazakhstan is actively researching the greening of the protection of apple orchards from lepidopteran pests. In this regard, biological preparations of various origins were tested. The aim was to study their impact on useful non-target arachno entomofauna (entomophagous insects and pollinators). During the research, both classical methods used in entomology and plant protection, and original modifications were used. In the south-east of Kazakhstan, in the agrobiocenosis of an apple orchard, an assessment of the effects of biological preparations was carried out: Phytoverm ® K.E. (aversectin C, a natural mixture of four avermectins B1a, A1a, A2a, B2a, produced by Streptomyces avermitilis microorganisms), Greene Gold, 0.3% by weight (admiration), Entolek Planteco K ® (Akanthomyces lecanii), and Lepidocide ® S.K. (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki) on entomophagous insects of harmful lepidoptera and pollinators. The greatest decrease in the number of indicator species was observed in the variants with azadirachtin and avermectin. It is concluded that when these bioinsecticides are used together with entomophagous insects and pollinators, it is necessary to draw up and apply special step-by-step schemes with a time interval between the treatment with a biological product and the release of entomophagous insects or pollinators in summer. It is also desirable to study these drugs in more detail in terms of their prolonged action, not only on entomophagous insects and pollinators but also on soilforming agents, in the conditions of Kazakhstan. Biological preparations based on Bacillus thuringiensis and Akanthomyces lecanii had almost no negative effect on the number of entomophagous insects and pollinators. When choosing biologics for use against harmful lepidoptera in apple orchards in the south-east of Kazakhstan, it is advisable to focus on these bioinsecticides as having a more sparing effect for non-target arachno entomofauna.

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Реферат. На основании многолетних исследований была разработана стратегия борьбы с бактериальным ожогом, включающая комплекс мероприятий, направленных на уменьшение инфекционной нагрузки в садах, сдерживание интенсивности размножения патогена, повышение устойчивости растений к заболеванию. На основании данной стратегии был разработан комплекс меры борьбы, включающий осеннюю обрезку пораженных органов согласно карантинным требованиям, побелку стволов и скелетных веток известью с добавлением 4 %-ного медного купороса и опрыскивание фунгицидом «Косайд 2000», в. д. г. (3 кг/га); в весенний период профилактическое опрыскивание тем же фунгицидом до распускания почек; в период цветения двухкратное опрыскивание биологическим препаратом «Фитолавин», ВРК (2 л/га); после цветения, в период опадения завязи, двухкратное опрыскивание регулятором роста «Регалис плюс» (д. в. прогексадион кальция), 1,25 кг/га. Производственная проверка показала, что комплексные мероприятия, разработанные на основании стратегии борьбы с бактериальным ожогом, эффективно подавляют заболевание в очаге заражения. Биологический эффективность составила 97,5 % при прибавке урожая 36,2 %.Ключевые слова: Бактериальный ожог, стратегия, карантин, комплекс мероприятии, производственные испытания, проблемная статья Summary. On the basis of many years of research, a strategy for combating fire blight was developed, including a set of measures aimed at reducing the infectious load in gardens, curbing the intensity of pathogen reproduction, and increasing plant resistance to disease. On the basis of this strategy, a complex of control measures was developed, including the autumn pruning of affected organs in accordance with quarantine requirements, whitewashing of trunks and skeletal branches with lime with the addition of 4 % copper sulfate and spraying with the fungicide Cosside 2000, v.d. (3 kg/ha); in the spring, prophylactic spraying with the same fungicide before bud break; during the flowering period, double spraying with biological preparations of Fitolavin, VRK (2 l/ha); after flowering, during the period of ovary abscission, double spraying with growth regulator Regalis plus (d.v. prohexadione calcium), 1,25 kg/ha. A production test has shown that complex measures developed on the basis of a fire blight control strategy effectively suppress the disease at the site of infection. The biological efficiency was 97.5 % with an increase in yield 36.2 %.

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