The rising population entails enhancement in wheat productivity to ensure substantial food supply which often get hindered by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Lodging, due to rain and high velocity wind causes significant economic and yield losses in cereals. Hence, lodging is emerging as a major hurdle to achieve the required yield targets. Various morphological, biochemical, anatomical and genetic traits contribute to produce a plant competent enough to bear lodging stress. Hence, in this review, we intend to elaborate the cause and impact relationship of lodging and tried to link lodging tolerance traits to field practices to minimize the losses. Because of the complex nature of lodging phenomenon, it is still obscure to identify best correlated traits to screen genotype in breeding programmes. However, the genotypes with best correlated traits like plant height, culm wall thickness should be introduced/selected in breeding programmes to inculcate lodging tolerance in a high yielding variety as in recent era lodging tolerance is a key factor to enhance productivity and farmer's income as well.

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A field experiment was conducted during <italic>Kharif</italic> season 2009 to study the response of hybrid pigeonpea to planting geometry and fertility levels. The results revealed that the hybrid pigeonpea ICPH-2671 recorded significantly higher grain yield (2.40 tha⁻¹) as compared to cv. Maruti (1.68 t ha⁻¹) and the magnitude of increase was 41.7 % higher. The yield parameters like grain weight plant⁻¹, number of pods plant⁻¹ and growth parameters like number of primary and secondary branches plant⁻¹, LAI and dry matter production and its distribution were higher with hybrid pigeonpea ICPH-2671 compared to variety Maruti. Significant differences were observed among the plant geometry and fertility levels and their interactions with respect to growth and yield parameters. The plant geometry of 90 cm x 45 cm recorded significantly higher grain yield (2.57 t ha⁻¹) as compared to closer geometry of 60 cm x 30 cm (2.19 t ha⁻¹). The fertility level of 50: 100 N, P kg ha⁻¹ resulted in significantly higher grain yield (2.57 t ha⁻¹) as compared to lower fertility level of 25:50 N, P Kg ha⁻¹ (2.23 t ha⁻¹).

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