No abstract

No abstract

In most countries, residential electricity consumption typically ranges from 20% to 40% of total electricity consumption. This energy is used for heating, cooling, refrigeration and other end-uses. Significant energy savings are possible if new appliance purchases are for models with higher efficiency than that of existing models. There are several ways to ensure or encourage such an outcome, for example, appliance rebates, innovative procurement, and minimum efficiency standards. This paper focuses on the latter approach. At the present time, the U.S. is the only country with comprehensive appliance energy efficiency standards. However, many other countries, such as Australia, Canada, the European Community (EC), Japan and Korea, are considering enacting standards. The greatest potential impact of minimum efficiency standards for appliances is in the developing countries (e.g., China and India), where saturations of household appliances are relatively low but growing rapidly. This paper discusses the potential savings that could be achieved from global appliance efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers. It also discusses the impediments to establishing common standards for certain appliance types, such as differing test procedures, characteristics, and fuel prices. A methodology for establishing global efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers is described.

__', Ji f=t,_ T rs t.Jf,,I L IM IT E D Abstrac!This report is based on reformation collected from the maiti Polish manufacture_ of relrigeratio_ appliances. We describe their production fitcilities, and show that tile energy consumplion of their models for domestic sale is substantially higher than the average for similar models made in W. [£urope.Lack of data and uncertainty about future production costs in Poland limits our evaluation of lhc cosleffective potential to increase energy efficiency, but it appears likely that considerable improvemenl would be economic from a societal perspeclive. Many design options are likely to have a simple payback of less than five years, We found that the production facilities are in need of subslantial modernization in order to produce higher quality and more eflicienl appliances. We discuss policy options that could hel l) to build a market for more eflicient appliances in Poland and thereby encourage investment Io pr_duc¢ such equipment.

No abstract