Objective: Evaluation of the influence of intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) in patients suffering from MalnutritionInflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS) on nutritional status, inflammation, adipocytokines and serum lipids. Subjects: Six patients with MICS were assigned to IDPN, whereas six patients matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and co-morbidity without malnutrition served as controls. Patients were recruited from Outpatient Dialysis Unit, Medical University Innsbruck and from Dialysis Unit, Hospital Feldkirch. Results: In all patients with IDPN, dry body weight increased during the interventional period whereas body weight remained stable in patients without IDPN. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a levels were higher in patients with MICS compared with controls at all time points. Total cholesterol, LDL-and HDL-levels significantly increased during dialysis at all time points in controls but not in patients with MICS. Albumin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and adipocytokines did not differ between patients and controls during the study period. Conclusions: IDPN in patients with MICS increases body weight despite not influencing inflammatory status. Furthermore, IDPN does not induce a pro-atherogenic lipid composition enhancing the risk for atherosclerosis. Thus, IDPN is a safe and effective treatment of malnutrition in patients with MICS.