This paper describes the architecture of Data Explorer,' a scientific visualization system. Data Explorer supports visualization of a wide variety of data by means of a flexible set of visualization modules. This paper discusses five elements of the system architecture: 1) A single powerful data model common to all modules that allows a wide range of data types to be imported and passed between modules. 2) Integral support for parallelism, aflecting the data model and the execution model. 3) A powerful set of visualization modules that are hzghly interoperable, due in part to the common data model, and exemplified b y the renderer. 4) A n execution model designed lo facilitate parallelization of modules and incorporating optimizations such as caching. 5) A two-process clientserver system structure consisting of a user interface that communicates with an executive via a dataflow language.

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APPLICATIONS VoLceXML replaced the famlVuir HTAIL interpreter (Web browser) with a VoiceXML interpreter and the nunue and keyboard with the human voice.UNTIL RECENTLY, THE WEB DELIVERED INEORMATION AND SERVICES exclusively through visual interfaces on computers with displays, keyboards, and pointing devices. The Web revolution largely bypassed the huge market for information and services represented by the worldwide installed base of telephones, for which voice input and audio output provide the sole means of interaction.Development of speech services has been hin-cations are costly to develop and deploy, so voice dered by a lack of easy-to-use standard tools for access is limited to only those services for which the managing the dialogue between user and service, business case is most compelling for voice access. Interactive voice-response systems are characterizedHere, I offer an introduction to VoiceXML, an by expensive, closed application-development envi-emerging standard XML-based markup language ronments. Lack of tools inhibits portability of for distributed Web-based voice services, much as applications and limits the availability of skilled HTML is a language for distributed visual services, application developers. Consequendy, voice appli-VoiceXML brings the power of Web development COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM September 2000/Vol 4}, No 9 5 3 BRUCE LUCAS (voicexml@us.ibm.com) is a software architect in the Voice Systems Group at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, NY.Permis.sicjn tci make dijjiml or hard topies ot aJI or pan of this work for personal or classroom use is sranced withiiut fcr provided rhac copies arc nor made or ctisrribured for profit or commertiai acivjjicage and thai tupies bear rhis notice and tlie full citarion on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish. to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.

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