The pathophysiological changes underlying impairment of cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and not fully understood till date. Hence, understanding the structural changes responsible for cognitive decline in PD is essential for early diagnosis and to offer effective treatment. In this review, we discuss the neuroanatomical changes in major brain structures responsible for cognition in PD. We have included the key findings of various studies to provide up-to-date information for better understanding of pathophysiology of PD, which will help researchers and clinicians in planning and developing new treatment methods for the benefit of PD patients.

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Background:The frontal bone is ossified in fibrous mesenchyme from two primary centers, one near each frontal tuber. At birth the bone consists of two halves. The median suture usually disappear by about 8 years, but may persist as the metopic suture. Metopic suture present at birth between the right and left halves of the frontal bone and closes at 2-5 years of the age, but may present during adult life. The suture closure began endocranially and it spread to pericranium. Materials and Methods:Total 500 skulls were used for this study from different medical institutions of south India.Results: Out of 500 skulls, 11(2.2%) skulls showed complete metopic suture and 108(21.6%) skulls showed in complete metopic suture. Conclusion:The Knowledge of metopic suture is very important in radiological and orthopedic surgeons during their practice in head injuries and it also important in practice of anthropologists and neurosurgeons.