The World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations report that the prevalence of human diseases during the past decade is rapidly increasing. Population growth and the pollution of water, air, and soil are contributing to the increasing number of human diseases worldwide. Currently an estimated 40% of world deaths are due to environmental degradation. The ecology of increasing diseases has complex factors of environmental degradation, population growth, and the current malnutrition of about 3.7 billion people in the world.

The prevalence of gastrointestinal signs in dogs presenting with brachycephalic airway syndrome and improvement in these clinical signs following corrective surgery may vary between breeds.

A. vasorum-associated pulmonary hypertension is an important problem in naturally infected dogs and has a negative effect upon survival.

RESULTS : In total, 37 dogs were included in the sacculectomy group and 44 in the comparator group. Dogs that had undergone sacculectomy were more likely to develop postoperative complications, with 18 of 37 developing complications, nine of which were moderate to severe. In the group without sacculectomy, nine of 44 dogs developed complications, of which one was severe. Different breed distribution between groups might also impact this outcome.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE : The results suggest that sacculectomy might increase morbidity following brachycephalic airway surgery, but repeat studies are required to confirm this result. Further information is also required to determine whether the short-term risks of sacculectomy are outweighed by superior long-term functional outcome.