Using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, ab initio quantum mechanical calculations and synthetic organic chemistry a region in the infrared spectrum of triplet hypericin has been found between 1400 and 1500 cm Ϫ1 corresponding to the translocation of the hydrogen atom between the enol and the keto oxygens, O· · ·H· · ·O. This result is discussed in the context of the photophysics of hypericin and of eventual measurements to observe directly the excited-state H-atom transfer. †Abbreviations: RHF, restricted Hartree-Fock; TRIR, time-resolved infrared spectroscopy.

Several producers have turned to planting canola in 30-in. rows as a strategy to take advantage of residue management options (e.g. planter-mounted residue managers and strip tillage) to facilitate planting canola in high-residue cropping systems. Canola hybrids are gaining acres in the southern Great Plains and may require different management than the traditional open-pollinated cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seeding rate on winter survival and yield of hybrid and open-pollinated winter canola cultivars in 30-in. and 9-in. rows. Experiments were conducted in 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 at two K-State Research and Extension facilities. Treatments were four locally adapted cultivars (two hybrids and two open-pollinated cultivars) and three or five seeding rates for a total of twelve or twenty treatments in each experiment. Due to nearly complete winter stand loss of hybrids in the experiment planted in 2013, only open-pollinated cultivars were harvested. No experiments were harvested for yield in 2015 because of nearly complete stand loss in all treatments at all locations. In both row spacings, fall stands tended to increase with increasing seeding rates, and hybrids tended to establish more plants than open-pollinated cultivars. Differences in stands due to seeding rate were somewhat less evident in the spring, but stand differences due to cultivars were more evident. Winter survival tended to increase as the number of plants present in the fall decreased, whether that was due to seeding rate or other factors. Bloom occasionally was delayed, and harvested seed moisture tended to be greater when fewer plants were present in the spring, likely due to a greater percentage of buds forming on branches. Seeding rate had a minimal impact on yields in 30-in. rows, with hybrids and open-pollinated cultivars responding similarly in most cases. In 9-in. rows, seeding rate did not affect yields in 2014. In 2016, both hybrids and open-pollinated cultivars maximized yield at 300,000 seeds per acre in 9-in. rows, but hybrids maintained greater yields than open-pollinated cultivars at suboptimal seeding rates. 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 at two K-State Research and Extension facilities. Treatments were four locally adapted cultivars (two hybrids and two open-pollinated cultivars) and three or five seeding rates for a total of twelve or twenty treatments in each experiment. Due to nearly complete winter stand loss of hybrids in the experiment planted in 2013, only open-pollinated cultivars were harvested. No experiments were harvested for yield in 2015 because of nearly complete stand loss in all treatments at all locations. In both row spacings, fall stands tended to increase with increasing seeding rates, and hybrids tended to establish more plants than open-pollinated cultivars. Differences in stands due to seeding rate were somewhat less evident in the spring, but stand differences due to cultivars were more evident. Winter survival tended to increase as the...

. Brand names appearing in this publication are for product identification purposes only. K-State Research and Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer.Recommended Citation Showalter, B. M.; Roozeboom, K.; Stamm, M. J.; and Figger, R. (2017) AbstractWinter survival of canola (Brassica napus L.) is a challenge for producers using high-residue, no-tillage, or reduced-tillage systems. An innovative residue management system being developed by AGCO Corporation was compared to cooperating canola producers' residue management and planting methods in wheat stubble. This series of on-farm experiments was conducted in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 at ten locations in central and south-central Kansas. The AGCO treatments were 20-or 30-in. row spacing and three seeding rates (100,000, 150,000, and 200,000 seeds/a) for a total of six treatments. The producer treatment at each location included row spacing, seeding rate, and residue management practices preferred by that producer. Due to winter stand loss, only one of the six experiments planted in the fall of 2014 was harvested for yield in 2015. All four experiments planted in fall 2015 were harvested for yield in 2016. Fall stands usually differed in response to seeding rate and often were greater in 20-in. rows than in 30-in. rows. Spring stands were not as tightly correlated with seeding rate, but were consistently greater in narrow rows, regardless of seeding rate and residue management practices. Winter survival increased with reductions in seeding rate at most locations and was greater in 20-in. rows than in 30-in. rows at three of the five harvested locations. Yields were not affected by residue management, row spacing, or seeding rate at two of the five locations, including the location with yields surpassing 60 bu/a. At the other three locations, yields with the AGCO residue management system equaled or exceeded yields obtained with cooperator practices that typically included much greater seeding rates. Yields seldom responded to seeding rate, but when they did, yields tended to increase as seeding rate decreased. SummaryWinter survival of canola (Brassica napus L.) is a challenge for producers using highresidue, no-tillage, or reduced-tillage systems. An innovative residue management system being developed by AGCO Corporation was compared to cooperating canola producers' residue management and planting methods in wheat stubble. This series of on-farm experiments was conducted in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 at ten locations in central and south-central Kansas. The AGCO treatments were 20-or 30-in. row spacing and three seeding rates (100,000, 150,000, and 200,000 seeds/a) for a total of six treatments. The producer treatment at each location included row spacing, seeding rate, and residue management practices preferred by that producer. Due to winter stand loss, only one of the six experiments planted in the fall of 2014 was harvested for yield in 2015. All four experiments planted in fall 2015 were harvested for yield in 2016. Fall stands usually diff...