-Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops. (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 Keywords: Glycine max, weed competition, crop yield losses. RESUMO -A época de emergência das plantas daninhas modifica a competição com as culturas. Assim, tem-se como hipótese que o aumento do fluxo de emergência de plantas daninhas diminui o período anterior à interferência (PAI) na soja, aumentando o período crítico de prevenção à interferência (PCPI). O objetivo foi determinar o PAI e o PCPI das plantas daninhas na cultura da soja, em função da época preferencial do fluxo de emergência de plantas daninhas. Realizaram-se três experimentos em campo, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial, sendo o fator A composto pela convivência ou controle de planta daninha na cultura da soja, e o fator B, por oito períodos

-Determining the periods of weed competition with crops helps the producer to choose the most appropriate time to use weed control practices. This strategy allows for the reduction of the number of herbicide applications, reducing costs and the environmental impact of pesticides. The objectives were to determine the period before the interference (PBI) of crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris) competing with flooded rice, the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) of crabgrass with soybean and the effects of competition on the grains yield and their components. Experiments were conducted with the coexistence of BRS Querência rice cultivar with crabgrass, for periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 110 days after emergency (DAE) and Fundacep 53RR soybean cultivar, whose periods of coexistence and control of crabgrass were 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 156 DAE. Rice can grow with crabgrass infestation until 18 DAE, while soybean should remain free from the presence of crabgrass in the period between 23 and 50 DAE. The grain yield and its components, in the crops studied, are affected when grown with crabgrass. BRS Querência, com milhã, por períodos iniciais crescentes de 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 Keywords: Digitaria ciliaris, Oryza sativa, Glycine max, interference RESUMO -A determinação dos períodos de competição das plantas daninhas com as culturas auxilia o produtor na escolha do momento mais adequado para utilizar medidas de manejo. Essa estratégia possibilita reduzir o número de aplicações de herbicidas, com consequente redução de custo e menor impacto dos agrotóxicos ao ambiente. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar o período anterior à interferência (PAI) de milhã (Digitaria ciliaris) na cultura do arroz irrigado, o período crítico de prevenção à interferência (PCPI) de milhã na cultura da soja e os efeitos da competição na produtividade de grãos e seus componentes. Para isso, foram conduzidos experimentos de convivência de arroz irrigado, cultivar

-Chemical control with herbicides, especially glyphosate, is the main method used to control ryegrass. However, the repeated use of glyphosate has selected resistant ryegrass biotypes. Thus, the ACCase inhibitor herbicides have become the main alternative to control glyphosate-resistant biotypes, being widely used by farmers in Rio Grande do Sul. Repeated use of ACCase inhibitors, in turn, have selected ryegrass biotypes resistant to this herbicide mechanism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of ryegrass biotypes to different clethodim rates by dose-response curves. Increasing doses (0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144 and 192 g a.i. ha -1 ) of the herbicide clethodim were applied at the 3-4 ryegrass leaf stage. The variables control at 14 and 28 days after treatment (DAT) and shoot dry weight were evaluated. The data were fitted by nonlinear regression log-logistic and C 50 and GR 50 were calculated based on the equation. The resistance factor was obtained by the ratio of C 50 or GR 50 of the resistant biotype by matching the susceptible biotype. Based on the equation parameters, the doses of GR 50 64.7 and 234.5 g a.i. ha clethodim were obtained, at 28 DAT for the susceptible and resistant biotypes, respectively. The ryegrass biotype denominated Cotril is resistant to clethodim, being controlled with a dose 15.3 times greater than that of the susceptible biotype, and a 50% reduction of this biotype occurs with a dose 3.62 times higher than that of the susceptible one.Keywords: ryegrass, cyclohexanodiones, herbicide resistance. (0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144 e 192 RESUMO -

Competition with weeds and lack of selective herbicides registered for bird's-foot trefoil crops affect their development and limit productivity. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating selectivity of pre-emergent herbicides in bird's-foot trefoil crops. Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and on a field where the following herbicides were evaluated and compared with the control: imazethapyr, diclosulam, flumetsulam, metribuzin, s-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, clomazone and isoxaflutole. Regarding variables under evaluation, phytotoxicity (PHYTO), plant stature, dry mass of the aerial part (DMAP) and dry mass of roots (DMR) were evaluated in the greenhouse, while plant population, PHYTO and DMAP were assessed on the field. The criterion to determine selectivity were: PHYTO below 15% and not reducing the plant population nor morphological variables, by comparison with the control. The variables were negatively affected by the herbicides clomazone, metribuzin, isoxaflutole, diclosulam, s-metolachlor, in which the crop population was reduced in 98, 92, 83, 63, 48 and 22%, respectively. Following the criteria, only the herbicide sulfentrazone as a pre-emergente is selective to bird's-foot trefoil crop (cultivar 'São Gabriel').