We studied the effect of rat tissue extracts on induction of lambda prophage in Escherichia coli (lambda) by L-azaserine. Hepatic and pancreatic extracts, primarily the cytosolic fraction, markedly increased the rate of induction. Hepatic extracts from lipotrope-deficient rats were somewhat more active than extracts from normal rats. The enhancing activity in normal rat hepatic cytosol was partially characterized. It reduced by about one-half the dose of azaserine required for a given purpose. The enhancement was increased by preincubating the bacterial cells with cytosol; cells retained the effect after cytosol was removed. Enhancing activity was inhibited strongly by the amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine; to lesser extents by leucine, methionine, and serine; and not at all by proline or glutamine. It was eliminated by dialysis of the cytosol and reduced by omission of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) from the reaction mixture. Heating the cytosol to 60 degrees C or 80 degrees C or varying the pH of the reaction mixture from 6 to 8 had no significant effect. Treating the cytosol with trypsin appeared to release an inhibitor of the activity. Glutathione, cysteine, and beta-mercaptoethanol also enhanced lambda induction by azaserine, but the cytosolic activity was not affected by the thiol-inactivating compound diethylmaleate (DEM). The results suggest that factors in cytosol interact with bacterial cells to facilitate transport of azaserine into the cells, primarily through the aromatic amino acid transport system. A small molecule, not a free thiol compound, appears to be involved. It may serve to establish reducing conditions protective for azaserine, the probable mechanism of action of sulfhydryl compounds.
Se realizaron dos muestreos en marea baja, uno en diciembre (2009) y el otro en enero (2010) para determinar los microorganismos existentes en el Estero Salado que son los indicadores de contaminación. Un total de nueve estaciones fueron ubicadas a lo largo del Estero Salado en los Tramos B, D, E y G. Los resultados obtenidos en diciembre del 2009 indican una fuerte contaminación bacteriana en el agua , cuyos valores variaron desde 180NMP/100 mL hasta 160000NMP/100 mL en coliformes totales, coliformes fecales y escherichia coli, en cambio los valores para enterococos fueron de 180NMP/100 mL hasta 7900 NMP/100 mL; para los sedimentos los valores fueron desde 360NMP/100 g hasta 110000 NMP/100g para coliformes totales, coliformes fecales y E. coli y para los enterococos, los valores fueron 300NMP/g hasta 29000NMP/g, estos resultados están por encima de los niveles máximos permitidos. Dentro de los parámetros físicos-químicos que afectan a la contaminación fueron la salinidad, el oxigeno disuelto y la temperatura. En enero (2010), los coliformes totales en el agua tuvieron valores entre 84 NMP/100 mL y 7000 NMP/100mL, para los coliformes fecales (4NMP/100mL – 450NMP/100mL), E. coli (1,8 NMP/100mL -180 NMP/100mL) y los enterococos (6NMP/100mL- 610NMP/100mL). En sedimento, los valores fueron relativamente bajos en comparación con los datos de sedimentos en diciembre. Los datos obtenidos indican que existen variaciones muy marcadas en las estaciones dentro del Estero Salado, lo cual se presume que existe un proceso continuo de contaminación.
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