The earlier studies about the efficiency of the main tillage showed that at the overall tillage for Kochia prostrate sowing don not guarantee the uniformgermination throughout the field, both in space and in time. It is due to theunsatisfactory water-physical conditions of the subsurface soil where seeds lie. Taking it into account, a farming system is being developed. It is aimed at accumulating and preserving moisture in the soil strips (10-15 cm wide, repeatedin 45-50 cm in the virgin soil), treated with a help of the method of a surface excavation of a loose soil layer with the formation of a solid compacted bed where seeds of Kochia prostrate are placed. The research results showed a high efficiency of harvesting the upper loose soil layer in strips with a width of 10-15 cm to a depth of 5-8 cm with the creation of a highly compacted solid seed bed, without conducting basic soil cultivation. In this variant, the optimum completeness of seedlings and a rather high yield of forage by fodder mass of Kochia prostrate were obtained 3.12 g / ha on average over three years. Earlier, before the development of this research, Kochia prostrate with annual sowing provided only 2 years of full-fledged germination from five years of sowing. Then as a result of the conducted research, a number of years providing full-fledged germination has reduced to 4 years of sowing.

A system of agriculture is being developed to accumulate and preserve moisture in soil strips (5-10 cm wide, 5 cm deep, repeated every 50-55 cm in virgin soil untouched by vegetation), treated by surface raking of the loose seedbed layer to form a solid compacted bed, where an ideal condition for seed germination is created. With a favorable combination of weather and climatic conditions, this variant provides an optimal fullness of seedlings and a fairly high fruit-bearing weight of 3.9 t/ha on average for four years, including 4,8 tons in 2019. However, in extraordinary 2019-2020 crop year with extremely low precipitation (2,7 times lower than average annual norms), with the warm winter and spring (100 more than the average annual norm), incredibly intense droughts and dust storms (average of 18-19 days a month vs 4-5 mean annual norm) wind erosion dominated and dictated terms everywhere: furrows, sown with seeds of Summer Cypress were completely covered with drifts of dust with a thickness of 2-3 cm, under which the seedlings could not break through to the surface of the soil and died. In the cultivar keeping nursery, where seeds were sown directly without tillage and 15 PCs/m2 of seedlings were obtained only in the dust-inspired areas that make up one third of the area (400 m2).

Research work on the radical improvement of pastures with the sowing of prostrate rods (Kochia prostrate) against the background of plowing the soil to the depth of 20-22 cm has been carried out in the CIS countries since 1936 to this day. Despite the long-term study, in modern conditions, there are no industrial sowing of prostrate rods in Kazakhstan. The repeated attempts to introduce rods into production have failed. The long-term experiments (more than 50 years) have shown that Kochia prostrate does not sprout every year (approximately, two years out of five years, and then in places and sporadically). In one place full-fledged seedlings are provided, and in another place they are absent. That is, tillage does not provide the required efficiency. In this review, on the basis of original studies, the development of soil conditions for the growth of Kochia prostrate during soil cultivation is detailed. As known, when plowing, the upper fertile soil horizon is thrown down and it is buried by the less fertile, more structureless soil of the lower horizons. This, firstly, leads to the development of a hard crust impenetrable by Kochia prostrate sprouts and, secondly, when dry, solid soil blocks are formed under the seeds, impermeable by hypocatilny roots of Kochia prostrate. Therefore, sprouts of either die during dump plowing, or full-fledged shoots are not formed on it. The current dead-end situation with soil cultivation can be corrected by developing a new theoretical concept and, on its basis, developing a technology for soil cultivation and Kochia prostrate cultivation.

The data of daily conveyor production of melilot hay, harvested mainly in early highly nutritious phases of development, branching and budding, are presented. Melilot, possessing a number of important advantages over other feed crops, nevertheless, are not popular among agricultural practitioners because of their coarse stems, low feed intake and high content of coumarin in plants. Undoubted advantages of melilot include: high yield of hay, haylage and green mass, seeds; salt tolerance and possibility of reclaiming saline lands without drainage and soil leaching; sun resistance; drought resistance; winter hardiness; low irrigation rate; high nutritional value and digestibility of feed; high protein content in plants; low cost cultivation; possibility of obtaining high yields without introduction of nitrogen fertilizers, unpretentiousness to soil fertility; excellent phytomeliorant and soil orderly; soil fertility restorer and excellent precursor for many crops. The varieties of melilot created for cultivation on saline lands of the Caspian Sea region provide an extension of conveyor period of pasture use and harvesting of their raw materials up to 188 days per season.

The salt tolerance and salt tolerance of melilot has been thoroughly studied in Kazakhstan, and on this basis its high productivity has been universally established on salt licks, saline irrigated lands compared to other fodder plants. The results of experiments on a comparative study of the productivity of fodder crops on non-saline zonal soils also showed its high productivity. But at the same time, melilot is a culture that dramatically increases the productivity of the grass mixture when it is introduced into it. In the experiments we conducted 1998 and 1999., the high productivity of the joint sowing of mtlilot (Melilotus) was established, with alfalfa compared with the pure sowing of alfalfa (Medicago) - 113.0 c / ha of hay against 81.9 c / ha in total over two years. When cultivating melilot, attention should be paid to the following circumstances. It is well known that under irrigated conditions, the alfalfa layer is not amenable to processing due to its strong compaction and desiccation. A completely different picture is observed when cultivating a melilot for seeds, after which the soil, although it is dried up as much, but at the same time, due to the decomposition of the fallen leaves, the melilot layer is easily treated, because there is no strong soil compaction. From the studied methods of treating the melilot layer, the best result in the 2019 laying test was obtained by cultivating the soil to a depth of 10-12 cm, rolling before and after sowing alfalfa with melilot - here the grass mixture provided 89.1 c / ha of haylage, which is much higher than it productivity when harrowing (49.5 t / ha) and plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm. (69.3 t / ha).