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(Jharkhand) was conducted an experiment for two consecutive years during Kharif 2016 and 2017 with a view to study the response of Phosphorus on maize and Pigeon pea based inter-cropping system. Maximum grain yield of pigeon pea and black gram were recorded with 50% RDP+ Nano-P 40 ppm followed by 100% RDP and Nano-P 40 ppm. Application of Nano-P 40 ppm increased grain yield of pigeon pea, maize and black gram compared to no phosphorus. Pigeon pea + black gram 1:1 recorded higher straw yield of pigeon pea than that of pigeon pea + black gram 1:2 system and sole pigeon pea. Likewise, straw yield of maize under maize + black gram1:1 was found higher than that of sole maize and maize + black gram 1:2 system. Straw yield of black gram was registered higher in both plant geometry with pigeon pea (1:1and1:2) than that of similar combinations with maize. Concerning to phosphorus management maximum straw yield of pigeon pea, black gram and maize were recorded with 50% RDP+ Nano-P 40 ppm followed by 100% RDP and Nano-P 40 ppm. Minimum grain and straw yield was registered under no phosphorus application. System productivity in terms of Black gram equivalent yield (1763 kg ha-1) was recorded under pigeon pea + black gram 1:1 system which is statistically at par with pigeon pea + black gram 1:2 followed by maize + black gram 1:2 and maize + black gram 1:1. All the crop combination gave higher black gram equivalent yield and was found superior over sole crop of black gram, pigeon pea and maize. The lowest black gram equivalent yield was obtained with sole maize (884 kg ha-1). System productivity of pigeon pea + black gram 1:1 and pigeon pea + black gram 1:2 increased by 58.8% and 52.8% respectively over sole pigeon pea.