The present study aims to present a complete diagnosis of the state of water supply and sanitation in the Dschang city. After an inventory of the actor practices starting from existing documentations of the Dschang urban council, 87,000 inhabitants, we identified consumers through physical field identification of the water supplies and sanitation in November 2007. All wells were mapped, 300 households surveyed and water quality analysed. It appears that water is basically supplied through connection on the conventional "CAMWATER" network. Over 52.2% of households not connected to network used 728 alternative points for water assessment (705 wells and 23 springs), and drawn drinking water especially from springs. Bacteriological quality varies greatly from one water point to another. Water coming from depth soils and managed water points are relatively more improved in quality. For the 250 sanitation installations surveyed, 70% of households use pit latrines with open bottom; 116 latrines are located in a radius of 15 m around the wells and springs. For the wastewater drainage and treatment, no device is constructed. The difficulties of supplying safe drinking water and the precarious conditions of sanitation seemed to be the origin of many water borne-diseases in this city.
REMERCIEMENTSCe travail, réalisé par le Groupe d'Initiative Economique de l'Université de Dschang, a bénéficié du soutien financier de la Commune de Dschang et de son partenaire au développement, la ville de Nantes. RESUMELa décentralisation actuelle dans les pays africains délègue aux Collectivités Territoriales Décentralisées (CTD) le rôle de l'approvisionnement en eau potable et assainissement (AEPA) aux populations. Elle fait des communes de nouveaux acteurs du secteur Eau-Assainissement que les associations d'opérateurs comme l'Association Africaine de l'Eau devront désormais considérer. Avec peu de ressources financières et techniques, de nombreux ouvrages d'AEPA, entrepris par les CTD, aussitôt construits sont non fonctionnels. Cette étude avait pour objectif d'auditer les services d'AEPA dans la Commune de Dschang et de proposer un modèle de pérennisation des ouvrages. La collecte des données a consisté en l'administration d'un questionnaire semi-structuré et aux observations de terrain. 511 personnes ont été enquêtées, impliquant l'ensemble des acteurs et des cibles engagés dans la conception, la mise en oeuvre et l'exploitation des ouvrages d'AEPA dans la Commune. Les résultats indiquent que la mise en place d'un projet d'AEPA doit prendre en compte des contextes socioculturels pour que les projets remplissent leurs objectifs d'amélioration de la santé et des conditions de vie des populations. La mise en place d'une agence municipale dédiée à la régie de l'eau et de l'assainissement encadrerait indubitablement la pérennisation des ouvrages. Ce modèle exploité par la Commune de Dschang a favorisé la création d'un établissement public communal, et la construction des miniréseaux d'eau avec désormais un fonctionnement pérenne. ABSTRACTThe current decentralization process in African countries delegates to the Decentralized Territorial Collectivities (CTD) the role of providing drinking water and sanitation (WASH) to the populations. It makes E. TEMGOUA et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 13(5): 122-132, 2019 123 municipalities new actors in the water-sanitation sector that operators associations such as the African Water Association (AfWA) will now have to consider. With few financial and technical resources, many WASH utilities, undertaken by the CTDs, immediately built are non-functional. The purpose of this study was to audit the WASH services in the Dschang municipality, and to propose a model for the sustainability of decentralized WASH utilities. Data collection was based on a semi-structured questionnaire administrated and field observations. 511 people were surveyed, involving all actors and targets involved in the design, implementation and operation of WASH utilities in the Council. The results indicate that the implementation of a WASH project must take into account socio-cultural contexts for the projects to fulfill their objectives of improving the health and living conditions of the populations. The establishment of a municipal agency dedicated to the management of water and sanitation would ...
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