This paper proposes a near accurate Solar PV Emulator using DC-DC Buck converter. A mathematical model serving as a reference is built using MATLAB/SIMULINK for emulating Solar PV characteristics. In the proposed Emulator by changing model parameter values it is possible to emulate any Solar PV characteristics. Hardware implementation is done using dSPACE ds1104 controller board and a closed loop control system is built using PI controller. The proposed Emulator has the following characteristics: 1. Fast and accurate Solar PV Emulator with easy interfacing and real-time control 2. Features to extend the system for other Solar PV panels 3. DC-DC Buck converter having high bandwidth. 4. Faster dynamic response and highly stable output with lower response time. 5. Lower output voltage and current ripple. Experimentations are done under different operating conditions and the results obtained are compared with the existing Emulators.

An alternative method of testing maximum power point tracking and solar Photo Voltaic (PV) system performance with a solar PV emulator is presented in this paper. Solar PV emulators are Hardware-in-Loop setup, which mimics the characteristics of a PV panel. Further, these emulators are supplementary to strenuous field testing and commercial solar PV training systems available for research prototyping. In this paper, a solar PV emulator built using a DC-DC Buck Converter and dSPACE ds1104 controller is proposed. In addition, MATLAB/SIMULINK Environment is used to construct the Mathematical Model of Solar PV Module. The proposed Solar PV Emulator has the following features: (1) ease in interfacing with faster dynamic response, (2) ability to monitor and control in real-time using a control desk, (3) higher bandwidth DC-DC buck converter, (4) stable output with lower response time, (5) lower output voltage and current ripple, and (6) capability to reproduce near accurate static and dynamic characteristics of any solar PV module. To illustrate the performance of the proposed emulator, the I-V characteristics of a shell SP70 PV panel are obtained. To further understand the dynamic and steady state behaviour of the system, experimentations are done at different operating conditions. Finally, to know the suitability of the proposed emulator for maximum power point tracking, the Perturb & Observe algorithm is tested for uniform and partial shading conditions.

XNOR-XOR gates are generally used in arithmetic and logic circuits. This paper presents the performance comparison analysis for the combination of XNOR-XOR circuit by using transmission gate. The transmission gate has consumed only 10 transistors as compared to 16 transistors in case of conventional design. The performance of the simulated circuit has been evaluated and compared in terms of propagation delay, power & area consumption using 45nm technology. It can be observed from the simulated results that proposed circuit consume 63.97% less area and 90.66% less power as compared to existing design. The speed performance of proposed design is also improved by 85.38% to provide high performance solution for VLSI applications.