de la variation, alors qu'elle en repr6sentait 817o dans une s6lection de g6notypes poss6dant divers gdnes mutants de la chlorophylle. Aprbs ce calcul des donn6es des deux essais en regard du cultivar t6moin Altona, 1'6quation quadratique entre Pa et la teneur en chlorophytlb a rendu compte d'environ 907o de la variation. Dans I'essai des cultivars, on n'a constat6 aucune diff6rence significative entre les lign6es lorsque le taux photosynth6tique 6tait exprim6 par unit6 de chlorophylle (P"). Dans l'essai des mutants, on a observ6 des diff6rences significatives du P", les valeurs plus 6lev6es 6tant associ6es aux teneurs plus faibles en chlorophylle; la r6gression lin6aire a repr6sent6 457o de la variation. La transformation des donn6es provenant des deux exp6riences en regard du cultivar Altona a permis d'ajuster une ligne de r6gression commune (quadratique) qui a compt6 pour 637o de la variation. Tout porte d croire qu'un premier tri de g6n6rations, dans le cadre d'un programme de s6lection pour le taux photosynth6tique, pourrait se faire par la d6termination de la teneur en chlorophylle.
Net assimilation rare (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and relative leaf growth rate (RLGR)
In field experiments with young spaced plants of 48 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, derived lines tended to have higher rates of apparent photosynthesis (PA) than their parent lines over 3 yr of tests using the 14CO2 method. For 2 yr in which chlorophyll and specific leaf weight (SLW) were also measured, a significant number of derived lines had higher PA, chlorophyll and SLW than their parent lines. With 12 cultivars of similar maturity, grown as row-crop tests for 4 yr, PA and leaf percent N were correlated with each other during August (pod-filling period) but not during July (flowering period). August PA and leaf percent N were correlated with bean yield, but July values were not. Chlorophyll and SLW were correlated with each other in July and in August; each was correlated with PA in July but not in August. Although July measurements of leaf characters were not correlated with bean yield, July and August values were correlated for PA and for chlorophyll. The correlations observed among the characters in different sampling periods are discussed in relation to possibilities for selection.
There is growing appreciation of arbuscular mycorrhizal effects on soil properties and their potential consequences on plant behavior. We examined the possibility that mycorrhizal soil may directly influence plant water relations. Using wild-type and noncolonizing bean mutants planted into soils previously produced using mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal sorghum plants, we partitioned mycorrhizal influence on stomatal conductance and drought resistance into soil and root components, testing whether effects of mycorrhizal fungi occurred mostly via mycorrhization of roots, mycorrhization of soil, or both. The mutation itself had no effect on any water relations parameter. Colonization by Gigaspora margarita Gerdemann & Trappe and Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith had appreciable effects on leaf water potential at the lethal point and on osmotic adjustment, relative to nonmycorrhizal plants of comparable size. Mycorrhizal effects on drought resistance were attributable to an effect on the plant itself rather than to an effect of mycorrhizal soil. Mycorrhizal effects on stomatal conductance were attributable to mycorrhization of both roots and soil, as well as to mycorrhization of roots alone. Surprisingly, merely growing in a mycorrhizal soil resulted in promotion of stomatal conductance of nonmycorrhizal plants in both amply watered and droughted plants. Mycorrhizal effects on droughted plants did not appear to be related to altered soil water retention properties, as Gigaspora margarita and Glomus intraradices altered the soil's moisture characteristic curve only slightly.Résumé : On reconnaît de plus en plus les effets des mycorhizes arbusculaires sur les propriétés du sol et leurs consé-quences potentielles sur le comportement de la plante. Les auteurs ont examiné la possibilité que le sol mycorhizé puisse influencer directement les relations hydriques de la plante. À cette fin, ils ont utilisé une race sauvage de haricot ainsi qu'un mutant non colonisant, plantés dans des sols préalablement produits avec des plants de sorgho mycorhizés ou non mycorhizés. Ils ont ensuite réparti l'influence des mycorhizes sur la conductance stomatale et la résistance à la sécheresse entre les composantes sol et racines, la mycorhization du sol, ou les deux. La mutation elle-même est sans effet sur l'ensemble des paramètres hydriques. La colonisation par le Gigaspora margarita Gerdemann & Trappe et le Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith a des effets manifestes sur le potentiel hydrique foliaire au point létal, et sur l'ajustement osmotique, par rapport à des plants non mycorhizés de grosseur comparable. On attribue les effets de la mycorhization sur la résistance à la sécheresse à une action sur la plante elle même plutôt qu'à un effet du sol mycorhizé. Dans le cas de la conductance stomatale, les effets des mycorhizes sont attribuables à la mycorhization à la fois des racines et du sol, aussi bien qu'à la mycorhization des racines prises séparément. Il est surprenant de constater que le seul fait de croître dans un sol mycorhizé a...
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