Aim: To compare the differences in the finger print patterns viz., total finger ridge count (TFRC), a-b ridge count and atd angle in patients with type II diabetes mellitus with non-diabetic as control group Materials and methods: The study is conducted in 75 type II diabetic patients and 75 non-diabetic persons as a control group. A sample of 51 male and 24 female patients suffering from type II diabetes mellitus in the age group of 30 to 60 years has been examined and compared with 75 normal persons (47 males and 28 females) in the same age group to know the difference in fingerprint patterns. We have also compared total finger ridge count, a-b ridge count and atd angle. For collection of palmar prints ‘Purvis Smith’ method has been used. Results: Increase in number of whorls, total finger ridge count, a-b ridge count along with wider atd angle in type II diabetes mellitus patients. The result of the present study is more or less coincides with the observations of the earlier researchers. Conclusion: This inference may be widely applied clinically for the early diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus mainly in a mass screening of a population as an additional diagnostic tool

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Background: To assess the changes occurring in the placenta due to anemia, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and whether these changes were reversible with treatment when they were diagnosed in early stages. Subjects and Methods: The study is conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DVVPF’s Medical College, Ahmednagar on 200 anemic patients, 180 PIH patients and 650 GDM patients. Placentae were collected, stored in a 10% formalin solution. Morphological changes in respect to shape, weight, diameter, thickness, number of cotyledons and site of insertion of the cord are observed and documented. Results: In anemic patients who has undergone treatment, there were a smaller number of irregular (37/100) and round (63/100) round placentae were seen, whereas in the untreated anemic group, round (09/100) round and irregular (91/100) irregular placentae were seen. In PIH group with treatment, round (57/90) placentae and irregular (33/90) placentae were seen, whereas, in the untreated group, 13/100 round/oval placentae were observed and 77/100 irregular placentae were seen. Conclusion: Morphology of placenta is on error mode in untreated anemia, PIH and GDM. Diagnosis in the first trimester and on consequent treatment till the delivery is resulting in decreasing of irregular morphology of placenta and wellbeing of newborns.

Background: The Umbilical cord (UC) structure is designed in such a way that it provides uninterrupted blood flow to the developing fetus even though it is influenced by uterine conditions and external forces throughout the pregnancy period. UC and placenta are the only structures, which nourish the fetus until term. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DVVPF’S Medical college and hospital. Results: In the GDM group without treatment, eccentric insertion is seen in 249 placentae and central insertion in 76 placentae. In the GDM group with treatment, central insertion is seen in 236 placentae and eccentric is seen in 89 patients. In the PIH group, without treatment, 22 central insertions and 68 eccentric insertions were observed. With treatment, PIH patients central insertions are seen in 76 and eccentric in 14. In the anemia group without treatment, 24 central insertions and 76 eccentric insertions are observed. Conclusion: On a concluding note, we observed in our study that, the pathological features observed in anemia, pregnancy induced hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus are on a minimal note in treated patients after their onset, than in untreated patients. Various awareness programs constitutionalized by Governments and various NGO’s are bringing upon a desired change, but at the same time, intensity and frequency are to be increased.