On a farm infectious diseases may occur by introducing infected animals, introduction of cattle in the incubation period, carcasses of animals that were not removed properly, vehicles, equipment, clothing and shoes of visitors or employees who have contact with other herds, more often contact with the herd, contact with other animals (horses, dogs, cats, wildlife, rodents, birds, insects), but also by contaminated objects, contaminated food, and improper management of manure when it comes to the creation of dust and scattering (Hristov, 2007). To prevent introduction of infection to the farm or farms in the environment, we use primary and secondary Biosafety measures. The most effective implementation of biosecurity measures on farms provides a development plan for that farm biosecurity. We have developed the biosecurity plan based on detailed observation and analysis of the relevance of indicators and on biosecurity which includes: 1. Making and submitting a written plan for achieving and maintaining biosecurity on farm production based on keeping proper records; 2. Isolation of he farm as a whole or individual segments of manufacturing and production operations; 3. Introduction of newly acquired animals in a herd; 4. Health of the herd; 5. Evaluations of the personnel and the equipment; 6. Traffic and movement control; 7. Attitude towards visitors; 8. Control of food and water; 9. Manure; 10. Disposal of carcasses of dead animals; 11. Relationship to other animals on the farm; 12. Population control of rodents and birds; 13. Sanitation (Stanković et al,, 2010).

This paper presents the values of blood biochemical parameters of Simmental cows (n = 60), divided into five groups (dry cows, early puerperium, late puerperium, the fifth month of lactation, and cows with an extended service period). The ration for lactating cows contained an insufficient amount of dry matter, a third less than the lower limit of their requirements. In all examined groups of cows, a strong protein deficiency and excess calcium was found in the diet. Total protein concentration in all groups of cows were on the upper physiological limit, and the concentrations of bilirubin, carotene, vitamin A and total lipids were within the normal range. Low concentrations of urea in the third, fourth and fifth group of cows (3.1±0.39 mmol/l, 2.9±0.38 mmol/l and 3.3±0.43 mmol/l, respectively) indicate the imbalance of protein and energy in the diet. The presence of an energy deficit is also indicated by the low blood glucose in all groups of cows, especially the second and fifth groups of cows (2.2±0.04 mmol/l and 2.3±0.07 mmol/l, respectively). The unfavorable ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the diet resulted in the narrowing of the calcium:phosporus ratio in blood serum, which is particularly evident in cows with an extended service period (2.1±0.07 mmol/l compared to 1.9± 0.11 mmol/l). Based on these results,we conclude that the tested herd exhibits subclinical health disorders, caused by an inadequate diet and with adverse effects on the productive and reproductive parameters

SažetakSjenički sir je jedan od naših najpoznatijih sireva iz grupe belih sireva u salamuri. Proizvodi se autohtonom tehnologijom na području Sjenicko-Pešterske visoravni, a u poslednje vreme i industrijski u mlekarama. Istraživanja imaju za cilj da se kroz randman proizvodnje sira pokažu komparativne prednosti ovčijeg mleka za proizvodnju sira, stepen iskorišćenosti sastojaka mleka i ekonomski aspekti izrade sira, a kroz distribuciju sastojaka mleka u sir da se pokaže pravilnost uvođenju tehnološkog procesa. Randman je pri izradi sira od ovčijeg mleka iznosio 32,15 %, a kod kravljeg 15,17 %. Distribucija osnovnih sastojaka mleka u sir bila je dobra i to suve materije kod ovčjeg mleka 61,14 %, a kod kravljeg 48,68 %; mlečne masti kod ovčjeg mleka 90,91 % i 93,55 % kod kravljeg mleka; proteina kod ovčjeg mleka 75,86 % i 71,69 % pri izradi sira od kravljeg mleka.Ključne reči: Sjenički sir, randman, distribucija, sastojci mleka Uvod Randman proizvodnje, kvalitet i opšte vrednosti sireva, zavise prvenstveno od hemijskog sastava i kvaliteta mleka pri čemu poseban značaj ima sadržaj suve materije, masti i proteina (Savić, 2011).Od svih komponenata mleka najveći značaj u proizvodnji velike većine sireva pripada kazeinu. Tehnološki postupak proizvodnje sireva

The main task in intensive pig production is animal welfare, particularly the preservation of their physiological function, homeostasis and homeorhesis and lactation, where the level of glucose, calcium and phosphorus in blood plays an important role in protecting the physiological status. This research has been carried out on a modern farm, of closed type in Zitoradja, in order to show the level of glucose, calcium and phosphorus in the blood serum of the first farrowing gilts and sows during pregnancy and post partum. In investigation, 30 pregnant gilts took part from insemination to partus. Blood was taken from the jugular vein on the thirtieth day after insemination, ten days before farrowing, one day after farrowing, and seven days after farrowing. The concentration of glucose in the blood serum of gilts with normal lactation was significantly higher ten days before farrowing (4.62 mmol/l) and on the first (4.92 mmol/l) and seventh day after farrowing (4.94 mmol/l) in relation to the concentration of glucose on the thirtieth day prior to farrowing (4.12 mmol/l), but this increase could not be found in gilts with disorders of lactation. The concentration of calcium before of partus (2.16 mmol/l) and post partum (2.55 mmol/l), in sows with normal lactation, showed a significant difference compared to the calcium concentration at the beginning of pregnancy (p <0.05) and in gilts with disturbed lactation. Phosphorus concentration showed no significant difference in gilts with normal and disturbed lactation (2.26 : 2.25 mmol/l).

The study regarding tick fauna and season distribution of ticks of small ruminant in the south part of Serbia, with emphasis on north Kosovo was performed during 2017. During the study we examined a total of 114 flocks of goats and sheep from Zvečan and Leposavić districts (villages Ceranja, Majdevo, Zemanica, Mure, Rudine, Žitkovac, Oraovica, Mošnica, Donji Krnjin, Belo brdo, Mioliće, Drenova and Beliće). Infections occurred at and on 56.14% of examined sheep and 31.42% of examined goats. The most abudant tick species were Ixodes ricinus, followed by Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R.bursa, Haemaphysalis punctata and D.recticulatus.