Semi-quantitative scoring is a method that is widely used to estimate the quantity of proteins on chromogen-labelled immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue sections. However, it suffers from several disadvantages, including its lack of objectivity and the fact that it is a time-consuming process. Our aim was to test a recently established artificial intelligence (AI)-aided digital image analysis platform, Pathronus, and to compare it to conventional scoring by five observers on chromogenic IHC-stained slides belonging to three experimental groups. Because Pathronus operates on grayscale 0-255 values, we transformed the data to a seven-point scale for use by pathologists and scientists. The accuracy of these methods was evaluated by comparing statistical significance among groups with quantitative fluorescent IHC reference data on subsequent tissue sections. The pairwise inter-rater reliability of the scoring and converted Pathronus data varied from poor to moderate with Cohen’s kappa, and overall agreement was poor within every experimental group using Fleiss’ kappa. Only the original and converted that were obtained from Pathronus original were able to reproduce the statistical significance among the groups that were determined by the reference method. In this study, we present an AI-aided software that can identify cells of interest, differentiate among organelles, protein specific chromogenic labelling, and nuclear counterstaining after an initial training period, providing a feasible and more accurate alternative to semi-quantitative scoring.

Data security is an important asset for any organization. Mainly data leakages will take place when a system is premeditated such that some vital information about the organization is revealed to unauthorized parties. In addition, during the time of data sharing, there may be huge chances for the data exposure, leading to leakage or unauthorized modifications. The protection and prevention of sensitive data from leakages is a vital issue to every organization, as the data is the most valuable source for any organization. Many authors have developed and presented their views of safeguarding the data such that the vital information is not explored or leakage. In this article, a detailed survey many such recent innovations on data leakage techniques aimed at detecting data leakages are highlighted for the researchers to have further directions.

The Digital world is advancing in terms of technological development day by day, resulting in an instantaneous rise in Data. This massive amount of Data has introduced the thought of Big Data, which has attracted both the business and IT sectors leaving the scope for huge opportunities. In turn, securing this massive data has become a challenging issue in the field of Information and Communication Technology. In this paper, we have carried out the work on business information sharing data which contains some sensitive information to investigate the security challenges of data in the field of business communication. The article an attempt is also made to identify the user’s intention or behavior during the navigation of data. The greatest challenge that is associated here is to prevent the integrity of the data while sharing the data from organization to the third party, where there exist huge chances of data loss, leakages or alteration. This paper highlights the concepts of data leakage, the techniques to detect the data leakage and the process of protecting the leaked data based on encrypted form.

Enormous increase in data in the current world presents a major threat to the organization. Most of the organization maintains some sort of data that is sensitive and must be protected against the loss and leakage. In the IT field, the large amount of data will be exchanged between the multiple points at every moment. During this allocation of the data from the organization to the third party, there are enormous probabilities of data loss, leakages or alteration. Mostly an email is being utilized for correspondence in the working environment and from web-based like logins to ledgers; thereby an email is turning into a standard business application. An email can be abused to leave organization's elusive information open to trade off. Along these lines, it might be of little surprise that muggings on messages are normal and these issues need to be addressed. This paper completely focuses on the concept of data leakage, the technique to detect the data leakage and prevention.

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