With the increased social network usage, there is a rising concern about potential security and privacy risks related to digital information data. Although there have been numerous studies in this area, a summary is necessary to understand the effectiveness of existing security approaches. The ultimate goal is to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of existing security schemes in the social network ecosystem. Therefore, the proposed paper discusses the existing research that has been done on authentication and data security measures, including methodologies, issues, benefits, and drawbacks. The inquiry further contributes to highlighting existing research trends and identifying the gap. The paper concludes by stating its learning results that help to open possible insights into the effectiveness of existing security schemes in the social network. Furthermore, blockchain is witnessed with increased interest in distributed security over large data. The paper's outcome states that blockchain-based authentication systems possess better scope if subjected to amending their inherent shortcomings. The findings of this paper emphasize the importance of continuous innovation in data security to ensure the safety and privacy of user data in an ever-evolving digital landscape. This paper offers a foundational aspect for future research toward developing more secure, privacy-preserving solutions for social network users.