Fractal-skeletal based channel network (F-SCN ) model, which describes how the boundary of the basin constrains the channel network evolution, produces a channel network pattern that obeys Horton's laws. The statistical features of this model conform well with real networks. For this F-SCN that depends on general shape of the initiator-basin, generating mechanism and rule, and the nature of skeletonization process, the estimation of fractal dimension (D) is Log R B /Log R L . The estimated D, 1.76 is approximated to the observed value, 1.8.

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Geomorphology and land use pattern of Visakhapatnam urban -industrial area have been studied using IRS IB and SPOT data. The geomorphie units under structural landforms, fluvial landforms and coastal landforms were identified and appropriate field confirmations were made. The geomorphic units such as inselbergs/residual hills, rolling plains, colluvial plains, fractures, piedmont fans, pediments were identified under structural landforms. The units wind gap, paleo channels, gully land, alluvial plain and natural levee were identified under fluvial landforms. The coastal landforms include sea cave, sea stack, red sediments, beach sands and marshy area. Study of the land use pattern reveals the land use under various categories of residential, planned and un planned, agricultural land, waste land and others. The data will have high relevance and usefulness for urban, industrial and ground water resource evaluations in the context of rapid urbanization and industrialization.

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As a part of the National Water Development Authority (NWDA) proposal, the linking between Pennar and Cauvery is put forth with a single purpose of conserving water to the maximum extent possible. The present study covers with land use/land cover (LU/LC) along the alignment study area 17215.68 sq•km. All the details of these features have been studied using IRS-P6, LISSIII data to analyze the effect of land use and land cover. The land use and land cover data are classified into 9 categories such as crop land, current fallow, forest, plantations, built-up land, water bodies, scrub land, sandy area and others. The total area going to be capsized is 17215.68 sq•km out of which 10105.96 sq•km is proposed command area. The 244 villages have to be rehabilitated due to this canal whereas about 4597 villages will enjoy the fruits of this canal in the form of drinking water, ground water recharge and as an additional source of irrigation as well. The study indicated current fallow land of 5340.14 km 2 and 6307.98 km 2 of cropland can be brought under cultivation which is more than what NWDA estimated land that can be benefitted.