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The present studies were undertaken to find out the pollination efficiency of Apis mellifera L. and other natural pollinators in radish (cv. Pusa Himani) and their impact on yield and quality of seeds under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. A. cerana was dominant amongst all insect visitors being 5.85 and 6.6 bees m -2 5 minutes -1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. A. mellifera (introduced bee species) population was quite low (0.3) during 2011 which clearly indicated that the bees did not get conditioned to the target crop. Pollination index showed that A. cerana scored maximum i.e. 13.63 and 15.38 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Pod set recorded during 2011 and 2012 in radish did not vary significantly at different distances from the A. mellifera colonies. The values being 34.42, 28.55, 30.9 and 29.3% respectively at 25 m, 50 m, 75 m and 100 m distance in 2011. The respective values during 2012 were 28.17, 27.09, 25.81 and 22.73%. During 2012, the parameters of seed quality like pod set, seed number and seed weight showed decreasing trend with increase in the distance from the placement of A. mellifera colony. This could be due to comparatively more activity of A. mellifera on radish bloom during this year. The present studies suggest that A. cerana along with other natural pollinators are providing natural pollination services for pollination of radish and other crops. Hence there is urgent need to devise suitable strategies for the conservation of these pollinators.

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Extensive use of chemical insecticides for termite management has lead to hazardous residual impact on plant health. Moreover, they are very expensive and also toxic to human beings. Therefore, there is a demand to develop an alternative safe economic and eco-friendly bio agent to control the termite population under maize field condition. In the present investigation, the bio-agents i.e. Beauveria bassiana, Metarrhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were used @ 5x10 13 spore /ha and @ 5x10 13 spore /ha FYM to enrich formulation and all the bio-agents have shown the promising results in in vivo in suppression of termite population in maize field. Similarly, the antagonistic fungi improved the germination as well as reduced the plant mortality caused by termite and improved the yield of maize as compared to untreated control. Result of entire study indicated a possibility of obtaining a powerful suppression of termite population by using plant beneficial bio-agents.